python3 support.

This gives us functional python3 support.  There are likely
still bugs, but instance boot on openstack is functional now.

.bzrignore

@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+.tox
+dist
+cloud_init.egg-info
+__pycache__

ChangeLog

@@ -21,6 +21,7 @@
  - hostname: on first boot apply hostname to be same as is written for
    persistent hostname.  (LP: #1246485)
  - remove usage of dmidecode on linux in favor of /sys interface [Ben Howard]
+ - python3 support [Barry Warsaw] (LP: #1247132)
 0.7.6:
  - open 0.7.6
  - Enable vendordata on CloudSigma datasource (LP: #1303986)

MANIFEST.in

@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+include *.py MANIFEST.in ChangeLog
+global-include *.txt *.rst *.ini *.in *.conf *.cfg *.sh
+graft tools
+prune build
+prune dist
+prune .tox
+prune .bzr
+exclude .bzrignore

bin/cloud-init

@@ -428,7 +428,7 @@ def atomic_write_json(path, data):
     try:
         tf = tempfile.NamedTemporaryFile(dir=os.path.dirname(path),
                                          delete=False)
-        tf.write(json.dumps(data, indent=1) + "\n")
+        tf.write(util.encode_text(json.dumps(data, indent=1) + "\n"))
         tf.close()
         os.rename(tf.name, path)
     except Exception as e:

cloudinit/config/cc_apt_configure.py

@@ -126,7 +126,7 @@ def mirror2lists_fileprefix(mirror):
 
 
 def rename_apt_lists(old_mirrors, new_mirrors, lists_d="/var/lib/apt/lists"):
-    for (name, omirror) in old_mirrors.iteritems():
+    for (name, omirror) in old_mirrors.items():
         nmirror = new_mirrors.get(name)
         if not nmirror:
             continue

cloudinit/config/cc_bootcmd.py

@@ -36,7 +36,7 @@ def handle(name, cfg, cloud, log, _args):
     with util.ExtendedTemporaryFile(suffix=".sh") as tmpf:
         try:
             content = util.shellify(cfg["bootcmd"])
-            tmpf.write(content)
+            tmpf.write(util.encode_text(content))
             tmpf.flush()
         except:
             util.logexc(log, "Failed to shellify bootcmd")

cloudinit/config/cc_ca_certs.py

@@ -44,7 +44,7 @@ def add_ca_certs(certs):
     if certs:
         # First ensure they are strings...
         cert_file_contents = "\n".join([str(c) for c in certs])
-        util.write_file(CA_CERT_FULL_PATH, cert_file_contents, mode=0644)
+        util.write_file(CA_CERT_FULL_PATH, cert_file_contents, mode=0o644)
 
         # Append cert filename to CA_CERT_CONFIG file.
         # We have to strip the content because blank lines in the file
@@ -63,7 +63,7 @@ def remove_default_ca_certs():
     """
     util.delete_dir_contents(CA_CERT_PATH)
     util.delete_dir_contents(CA_CERT_SYSTEM_PATH)
-    util.write_file(CA_CERT_CONFIG, "", mode=0644)
+    util.write_file(CA_CERT_CONFIG, "", mode=0o644)
     debconf_sel = "ca-certificates ca-certificates/trust_new_crts select no"
     util.subp(('debconf-set-selections', '-'), debconf_sel)
 

cloudinit/config/cc_chef.py

@@ -76,6 +76,8 @@ from cloudinit import templater
 from cloudinit import url_helper
 from cloudinit import util
 
+import six
+
 RUBY_VERSION_DEFAULT = "1.8"
 
 CHEF_DIRS = tuple([
@@ -261,7 +263,7 @@ def run_chef(chef_cfg, log):
         cmd_args = chef_cfg['exec_arguments']
         if isinstance(cmd_args, (list, tuple)):
             cmd.extend(cmd_args)
-        elif isinstance(cmd_args, (str, basestring)):
+        elif isinstance(cmd_args, six.string_types):
             cmd.append(cmd_args)
         else:
             log.warn("Unknown type %s provided for chef"
@@ -300,7 +302,7 @@ def install_chef(cloud, chef_cfg, log):
         with util.tempdir() as tmpd:
             # Use tmpdir over tmpfile to avoid 'text file busy' on execute
             tmpf = "%s/chef-omnibus-install" % tmpd
-            util.write_file(tmpf, str(content), mode=0700)
+            util.write_file(tmpf, content, mode=0o700)
             util.subp([tmpf], capture=False)
     else:
         log.warn("Unknown chef install type '%s'", install_type)

cloudinit/config/cc_debug.py

@@ -34,7 +34,8 @@ It can be configured with the following option structure::
 """
 
 import copy
-from StringIO import StringIO
+
+from six import StringIO
 
 from cloudinit import type_utils
 from cloudinit import util
@@ -77,7 +78,7 @@ def handle(name, cfg, cloud, log, args):
     dump_cfg = copy.deepcopy(cfg)
     for k in SKIP_KEYS:
         dump_cfg.pop(k, None)
-    all_keys = list(dump_cfg.keys())
+    all_keys = list(dump_cfg)
     for k in all_keys:
         if k.startswith("_"):
             dump_cfg.pop(k, None)
@@ -103,6 +104,6 @@ def handle(name, cfg, cloud, log, args):
         line = "ci-info: %s\n" % (line)
         content_to_file.append(line)
     if out_file:
-        util.write_file(out_file, "".join(content_to_file), 0644, "w")
+        util.write_file(out_file, "".join(content_to_file), 0o644, "w")
     else:
         util.multi_log("".join(content_to_file), console=True, stderr=False)

cloudinit/config/cc_landscape.py

@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@
 
 import os
 
-from StringIO import StringIO
+from six import StringIO
 
 from configobj import ConfigObj
 

cloudinit/config/cc_mcollective.py

@@ -19,7 +19,8 @@
 #    You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
 #    along with this program.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
 
-from StringIO import StringIO
+import six
+from six import StringIO
 
 # Used since this can maintain comments
 # and doesn't need a top level section
@@ -51,17 +52,17 @@ def handle(name, cfg, cloud, log, _args):
         # original file in order to be able to mix the rest up
         mcollective_config = ConfigObj(SERVER_CFG)
         # See: http://tiny.cc/jh9agw
-        for (cfg_name, cfg) in mcollective_cfg['conf'].iteritems():
+        for (cfg_name, cfg) in mcollective_cfg['conf'].items():
             if cfg_name == 'public-cert':
-                util.write_file(PUBCERT_FILE, cfg, mode=0644)
+                util.write_file(PUBCERT_FILE, cfg, mode=0o644)
                 mcollective_config['plugin.ssl_server_public'] = PUBCERT_FILE
                 mcollective_config['securityprovider'] = 'ssl'
             elif cfg_name == 'private-cert':
-                util.write_file(PRICERT_FILE, cfg, mode=0600)
+                util.write_file(PRICERT_FILE, cfg, mode=0o600)
                 mcollective_config['plugin.ssl_server_private'] = PRICERT_FILE
                 mcollective_config['securityprovider'] = 'ssl'
             else:
-                if isinstance(cfg, (basestring, str)):
+                if isinstance(cfg, six.string_types):
                     # Just set it in the 'main' section
                     mcollective_config[cfg_name] = cfg
                 elif isinstance(cfg, (dict)):
@@ -69,7 +70,7 @@ def handle(name, cfg, cloud, log, _args):
                     # if it is needed and then add/or create items as needed
                     if cfg_name not in mcollective_config.sections:
                         mcollective_config[cfg_name] = {}
-                    for (o, v) in cfg.iteritems():
+                    for (o, v) in cfg.items():
                         mcollective_config[cfg_name][o] = v
                 else:
                     # Otherwise just try to convert it to a string
@@ -81,7 +82,7 @@ def handle(name, cfg, cloud, log, _args):
         contents = StringIO()
         mcollective_config.write(contents)
         contents = contents.getvalue()
-        util.write_file(SERVER_CFG, contents, mode=0644)
+        util.write_file(SERVER_CFG, contents, mode=0o644)
 
     # Start mcollective
     util.subp(['service', 'mcollective', 'start'], capture=False)

cloudinit/config/cc_phone_home.py

@@ -81,7 +81,7 @@ def handle(name, cfg, cloud, log, args):
         'pub_key_ecdsa': '/etc/ssh/ssh_host_ecdsa_key.pub',
     }
 
-    for (n, path) in pubkeys.iteritems():
+    for (n, path) in pubkeys.items():
         try:
             all_keys[n] = util.load_file(path)
         except:
@@ -99,7 +99,7 @@ def handle(name, cfg, cloud, log, args):
 
     # Get them read to be posted
     real_submit_keys = {}
-    for (k, v) in submit_keys.iteritems():
+    for (k, v) in submit_keys.items():
         if v is None:
             real_submit_keys[k] = 'N/A'
         else:

cloudinit/config/cc_puppet.py

@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@
 #    You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
 #    along with this program.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
 
-from StringIO import StringIO
+from six import StringIO
 
 import os
 import socket
@@ -81,22 +81,22 @@ def handle(name, cfg, cloud, log, _args):
         cleaned_contents = '\n'.join(cleaned_lines)
         puppet_config.readfp(StringIO(cleaned_contents),
                              filename=PUPPET_CONF_PATH)
-        for (cfg_name, cfg) in puppet_cfg['conf'].iteritems():
+        for (cfg_name, cfg) in puppet_cfg['conf'].items():
             # Cert configuration is a special case
             # Dump the puppet master ca certificate in the correct place
             if cfg_name == 'ca_cert':
                 # Puppet ssl sub-directory isn't created yet
                 # Create it with the proper permissions and ownership
-                util.ensure_dir(PUPPET_SSL_DIR, 0771)
+                util.ensure_dir(PUPPET_SSL_DIR, 0o771)
                 util.chownbyname(PUPPET_SSL_DIR, 'puppet', 'root')
                 util.ensure_dir(PUPPET_SSL_CERT_DIR)
                 util.chownbyname(PUPPET_SSL_CERT_DIR, 'puppet', 'root')
-                util.write_file(PUPPET_SSL_CERT_PATH, str(cfg))
+                util.write_file(PUPPET_SSL_CERT_PATH, cfg)
                 util.chownbyname(PUPPET_SSL_CERT_PATH, 'puppet', 'root')
             else:
                 # Iterate throug the config items, we'll use ConfigParser.set
                 # to overwrite or create new items as needed
-                for (o, v) in cfg.iteritems():
+                for (o, v) in cfg.items():
                     if o == 'certname':
                         # Expand %f as the fqdn
                         # TODO(harlowja) should this use the cloud fqdn??

cloudinit/config/cc_resolv_conf.py

@@ -66,8 +66,8 @@ def generate_resolv_conf(template_fn, params, target_fname="/etc/resolv.conf"):
     false_flags = []
 
     if 'options' in params:
-        for key, val in params['options'].iteritems():
-            if type(val) == bool:
+        for key, val in params['options'].items():
+            if isinstance(val, bool):
                 if val:
                     flags.append(key)
                 else:

cloudinit/config/cc_rightscale_userdata.py

@@ -41,7 +41,7 @@ from cloudinit.settings import PER_INSTANCE
 from cloudinit import url_helper as uhelp
 from cloudinit import util
 
-from urlparse import parse_qs
+from six.moves.urllib_parse import parse_qs
 
 frequency = PER_INSTANCE
 
@@ -82,7 +82,7 @@ def handle(name, _cfg, cloud, log, _args):
             resp = uhelp.readurl(url)
             # Ensure its a valid http response (and something gotten)
             if resp.ok() and resp.contents:
-                util.write_file(fname, str(resp), mode=0700)
+                util.write_file(fname, resp, mode=0o700)
                 wrote_fns.append(fname)
         except Exception as e:
             captured_excps.append(e)

cloudinit/config/cc_runcmd.py

@@ -33,6 +33,6 @@ def handle(name, cfg, cloud, log, _args):
     cmd = cfg["runcmd"]
     try:
         content = util.shellify(cmd)
-        util.write_file(out_fn, content, 0700)
+        util.write_file(out_fn, content, 0o700)
     except:
         util.logexc(log, "Failed to shellify %s into file %s", cmd, out_fn)

cloudinit/config/cc_salt_minion.py

@@ -47,7 +47,7 @@ def handle(name, cfg, cloud, log, _args):
     # ... copy the key pair if specified
     if 'public_key' in salt_cfg and 'private_key' in salt_cfg:
         pki_dir = salt_cfg.get('pki_dir', '/etc/salt/pki')
-        with util.umask(077):
+        with util.umask(0o77):
             util.ensure_dir(pki_dir)
             pub_name = os.path.join(pki_dir, 'minion.pub')
             pem_name = os.path.join(pki_dir, 'minion.pem')

cloudinit/config/cc_seed_random.py

@@ -21,7 +21,8 @@
 
 import base64
 import os
-from StringIO import StringIO
+
+from six import BytesIO
 
 from cloudinit.settings import PER_INSTANCE
 from cloudinit import log as logging
@@ -33,13 +34,13 @@ LOG = logging.getLogger(__name__)
 
 def _decode(data, encoding=None):
     if not data:
-        return ''
+        return b''
     if not encoding or encoding.lower() in ['raw']:
-        return data
+        return util.encode_text(data)
     elif encoding.lower() in ['base64', 'b64']:
         return base64.b64decode(data)
     elif encoding.lower() in ['gzip', 'gz']:
-        return util.decomp_gzip(data, quiet=False)
+        return util.decomp_gzip(data, quiet=False, decode=None)
     else:
         raise IOError("Unknown random_seed encoding: %s" % (encoding))
 
@@ -64,9 +65,9 @@ def handle_random_seed_command(command, required, env=None):
 def handle(name, cfg, cloud, log, _args):
     mycfg = cfg.get('random_seed', {})
     seed_path = mycfg.get('file', '/dev/urandom')
-    seed_data = mycfg.get('data', '')
+    seed_data = mycfg.get('data', b'')
 
-    seed_buf = StringIO()
+    seed_buf = BytesIO()
     if seed_data:
         seed_buf.write(_decode(seed_data, encoding=mycfg.get('encoding')))
 
@@ -74,7 +75,7 @@ def handle(name, cfg, cloud, log, _args):
     # openstack meta_data.json
     metadata = cloud.datasource.metadata
     if metadata and 'random_seed' in metadata:
-        seed_buf.write(metadata['random_seed'])
+        seed_buf.write(util.encode_text(metadata['random_seed']))
 
     seed_data = seed_buf.getvalue()
     if len(seed_data):

cloudinit/config/cc_set_passwords.py

@@ -28,11 +28,11 @@ from cloudinit import distros as ds
 from cloudinit import ssh_util
 from cloudinit import util
 
-from string import letters, digits
+from string import ascii_letters, digits
 
 # We are removing certain 'painful' letters/numbers
-PW_SET = (letters.translate(None, 'loLOI') +
-          digits.translate(None, '01'))
+PW_SET = (''.join([x for x in ascii_letters + digits
+                   if x not in 'loLOI01']))
 
 
 def handle(_name, cfg, cloud, log, args):

cloudinit/config/cc_ssh.py

@@ -34,12 +34,12 @@ DISABLE_ROOT_OPTS = ("no-port-forwarding,no-agent-forwarding,"
 "rather than the user \\\"root\\\".\';echo;sleep 10\"")
 
 KEY_2_FILE = {
-    "rsa_private": ("/etc/ssh/ssh_host_rsa_key", 0600),
-    "rsa_public": ("/etc/ssh/ssh_host_rsa_key.pub", 0644),
-    "dsa_private": ("/etc/ssh/ssh_host_dsa_key", 0600),
-    "dsa_public": ("/etc/ssh/ssh_host_dsa_key.pub", 0644),
-    "ecdsa_private": ("/etc/ssh/ssh_host_ecdsa_key", 0600),
-    "ecdsa_public": ("/etc/ssh/ssh_host_ecdsa_key.pub", 0644),
+    "rsa_private": ("/etc/ssh/ssh_host_rsa_key", 0o600),
+    "rsa_public": ("/etc/ssh/ssh_host_rsa_key.pub", 0o644),
+    "dsa_private": ("/etc/ssh/ssh_host_dsa_key", 0o600),
+    "dsa_public": ("/etc/ssh/ssh_host_dsa_key.pub", 0o644),
+    "ecdsa_private": ("/etc/ssh/ssh_host_ecdsa_key", 0o600),
+    "ecdsa_public": ("/etc/ssh/ssh_host_ecdsa_key.pub", 0o644),
 }
 
 PRIV_2_PUB = {
@@ -68,13 +68,13 @@ def handle(_name, cfg, cloud, log, _args):
 
     if "ssh_keys" in cfg:
         # if there are keys in cloud-config, use them
-        for (key, val) in cfg["ssh_keys"].iteritems():
+        for (key, val) in cfg["ssh_keys"].items():
             if key in KEY_2_FILE:
                 tgt_fn = KEY_2_FILE[key][0]
                 tgt_perms = KEY_2_FILE[key][1]
                 util.write_file(tgt_fn, val, tgt_perms)
 
-        for (priv, pub) in PRIV_2_PUB.iteritems():
+        for (priv, pub) in PRIV_2_PUB.items():
             if pub in cfg['ssh_keys'] or priv not in cfg['ssh_keys']:
                 continue
             pair = (KEY_2_FILE[priv][0], KEY_2_FILE[pub][0])

cloudinit/config/cc_ssh_authkey_fingerprints.py

@@ -32,7 +32,7 @@ from cloudinit import util
 
 def _split_hash(bin_hash):
     split_up = []
-    for i in xrange(0, len(bin_hash), 2):
+    for i in range(0, len(bin_hash), 2):
         split_up.append(bin_hash[i:i + 2])
     return split_up
 

cloudinit/config/cc_write_files.py

@@ -18,6 +18,7 @@
 
 import base64
 import os
+import six
 
 from cloudinit.settings import PER_INSTANCE
 from cloudinit import util
@@ -25,7 +26,7 @@ from cloudinit import util
 frequency = PER_INSTANCE
 
 DEFAULT_OWNER = "root:root"
-DEFAULT_PERMS = 0644
+DEFAULT_PERMS = 0o644
 UNKNOWN_ENC = 'text/plain'
 
 
@@ -79,7 +80,7 @@ def write_files(name, files, log):
 
 def decode_perms(perm, default, log):
     try:
-        if isinstance(perm, (int, long, float)):
+        if isinstance(perm, six.integer_types + (float,)):
             # Just 'downcast' it (if a float)
             return int(perm)
         else:

cloudinit/config/cc_yum_add_repo.py

@@ -18,9 +18,10 @@
 
 import os
 
-from cloudinit import util
-
 import configobj
+import six
+
+from cloudinit import util
 
 
 def _canonicalize_id(repo_id):
@@ -37,7 +38,7 @@ def _format_repo_value(val):
         # Can handle 'lists' in certain cases
         # See: http://bit.ly/Qqrf1t
         return "\n    ".join([_format_repo_value(v) for v in val])
-    if not isinstance(val, (basestring, str)):
+    if not isinstance(val, six.string_types):
         return str(val)
     return val
 

cloudinit/distros/__init__.py

@@ -21,10 +21,10 @@
 #    You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
 #    along with this program.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
 
-from StringIO import StringIO
+import six
+from six import StringIO
 
 import abc
-import itertools
 import os
 import re
 
@@ -36,6 +36,7 @@ from cloudinit import util
 
 from cloudinit.distros.parsers import hosts
 
+
 OSFAMILIES = {
     'debian': ['debian', 'ubuntu'],
     'redhat': ['fedora', 'rhel'],
@@ -272,7 +273,7 @@ class Distro(object):
             if header:
                 contents.write("%s\n" % (header))
             contents.write("%s\n" % (eh))
-            util.write_file(self.hosts_fn, contents.getvalue(), mode=0644)
+            util.write_file(self.hosts_fn, contents.getvalue(), mode=0o644)
 
     def _bring_up_interface(self, device_name):
         cmd = ['ifup', device_name]
@@ -334,7 +335,7 @@ class Distro(object):
         redact_opts = ['passwd']
 
         # Check the values and create the command
-        for key, val in kwargs.iteritems():
+        for key, val in kwargs.items():
 
             if key in adduser_opts and val and isinstance(val, str):
                 adduser_cmd.extend([adduser_opts[key], val])
@@ -393,7 +394,7 @@ class Distro(object):
         if 'ssh_authorized_keys' in kwargs:
             # Try to handle this in a smart manner.
             keys = kwargs['ssh_authorized_keys']
-            if isinstance(keys, (basestring, str)):
+            if isinstance(keys, six.string_types):
                 keys = [keys]
             if isinstance(keys, dict):
                 keys = list(keys.values())
@@ -468,7 +469,7 @@ class Distro(object):
                              util.make_header(base="added"),
                              "#includedir %s" % (path), '']
                     sudoers_contents = "\n".join(lines)
-                    util.write_file(sudo_base, sudoers_contents, 0440)
+                    util.write_file(sudo_base, sudoers_contents, 0o440)
                 else:
                     lines = ['', util.make_header(base="added"),
                              "#includedir %s" % (path), '']
@@ -478,7 +479,7 @@ class Distro(object):
             except IOError as e:
                 util.logexc(LOG, "Failed to write %s", sudo_base)
                 raise e
-        util.ensure_dir(path, 0750)
+        util.ensure_dir(path, 0o750)
 
     def write_sudo_rules(self, user, rules, sudo_file=None):
         if not sudo_file:
@@ -491,7 +492,7 @@ class Distro(object):
         if isinstance(rules, (list, tuple)):
             for rule in rules:
                 lines.append("%s %s" % (user, rule))
-        elif isinstance(rules, (basestring, str)):
+        elif isinstance(rules, six.string_types):
             lines.append("%s %s" % (user, rules))
         else:
             msg = "Can not create sudoers rule addition with type %r"
@@ -506,7 +507,7 @@ class Distro(object):
                 content,
             ]
             try:
-                util.write_file(sudo_file, "\n".join(contents), 0440)
+                util.write_file(sudo_file, "\n".join(contents), 0o440)
             except IOError as e:
                 util.logexc(LOG, "Failed to write sudoers file %s", sudo_file)
                 raise e
@@ -561,10 +562,10 @@ def _get_package_mirror_info(mirror_info, availability_zone=None,
         subst['ec2_region'] = "%s" % availability_zone[0:-1]
 
     results = {}
-    for (name, mirror) in mirror_info.get('failsafe', {}).iteritems():
+    for (name, mirror) in mirror_info.get('failsafe', {}).items():
         results[name] = mirror
 
-    for (name, searchlist) in mirror_info.get('search', {}).iteritems():
+    for (name, searchlist) in mirror_info.get('search', {}).items():
         mirrors = []
         for tmpl in searchlist:
             try:
@@ -604,30 +605,30 @@ def _get_arch_package_mirror_info(package_mirrors, arch):
 # is the standard form used in the rest
 # of cloud-init
 def _normalize_groups(grp_cfg):
-    if isinstance(grp_cfg, (str, basestring)):
+    if isinstance(grp_cfg, six.string_types):
         grp_cfg = grp_cfg.strip().split(",")
-    if isinstance(grp_cfg, (list)):
+    if isinstance(grp_cfg, list):
         c_grp_cfg = {}
         for i in grp_cfg:
-            if isinstance(i, (dict)):
+            if isinstance(i, dict):
                 for k, v in i.items():
                     if k not in c_grp_cfg:
-                        if isinstance(v, (list)):
+                        if isinstance(v, list):
                             c_grp_cfg[k] = list(v)
-                        elif isinstance(v, (basestring, str)):
+                        elif isinstance(v, six.string_types):
                             c_grp_cfg[k] = [v]
                         else:
                             raise TypeError("Bad group member type %s" %
                                             type_utils.obj_name(v))
                     else:
-                        if isinstance(v, (list)):
+                        if isinstance(v, list):
                             c_grp_cfg[k].extend(v)
-                        elif isinstance(v, (basestring, str)):
+                        elif isinstance(v, six.string_types):
                             c_grp_cfg[k].append(v)
                         else:
                             raise TypeError("Bad group member type %s" %
                                             type_utils.obj_name(v))
-            elif isinstance(i, (str, basestring)):
+            elif isinstance(i, six.string_types):
                 if i not in c_grp_cfg:
                     c_grp_cfg[i] = []
             else:
@@ -635,7 +636,7 @@ def _normalize_groups(grp_cfg):
                                 type_utils.obj_name(i))
         grp_cfg = c_grp_cfg
     groups = {}
-    if isinstance(grp_cfg, (dict)):
+    if isinstance(grp_cfg, dict):
         for (grp_name, grp_members) in grp_cfg.items():
             groups[grp_name] = util.uniq_merge_sorted(grp_members)
     else:
@@ -661,29 +662,29 @@ def _normalize_groups(grp_cfg):
 # entry 'default' which will be marked as true
 # all other users will be marked as false.
 def _normalize_users(u_cfg, def_user_cfg=None):
-    if isinstance(u_cfg, (dict)):
+    if isinstance(u_cfg, dict):
         ad_ucfg = []
         for (k, v) in u_cfg.items():
-            if isinstance(v, (bool, int, basestring, str, float)):
+            if isinstance(v, (bool, int, float) + six.string_types):
                 if util.is_true(v):
                     ad_ucfg.append(str(k))
-            elif isinstance(v, (dict)):
+            elif isinstance(v, dict):
                 v['name'] = k
                 ad_ucfg.append(v)
             else:
                 raise TypeError(("Unmappable user value type %s"
                                  " for key %s") % (type_utils.obj_name(v), k))
         u_cfg = ad_ucfg
-    elif isinstance(u_cfg, (str, basestring)):
+    elif isinstance(u_cfg, six.string_types):
         u_cfg = util.uniq_merge_sorted(u_cfg)
 
     users = {}
     for user_config in u_cfg:
-        if isinstance(user_config, (str, basestring, list)):
+        if isinstance(user_config, (list,) + six.string_types):
             for u in util.uniq_merge(user_config):
                 if u and u not in users:
                     users[u] = {}
-        elif isinstance(user_config, (dict)):
+        elif isinstance(user_config, dict):
             if 'name' in user_config:
                 n = user_config.pop('name')
                 prev_config = users.get(n) or {}
@@ -784,11 +785,11 @@ def normalize_users_groups(cfg, distro):
         old_user = cfg['user']
         # Translate it into the format that is more useful
         # going forward
-        if isinstance(old_user, (basestring, str)):
+        if isinstance(old_user, six.string_types):
             old_user = {
                 'name': old_user,
             }
-        if not isinstance(old_user, (dict)):
+        if not isinstance(old_user, dict):
             LOG.warn(("Format for 'user' key must be a string or "
                       "dictionary and not %s"), type_utils.obj_name(old_user))
             old_user = {}
@@ -813,7 +814,7 @@ def normalize_users_groups(cfg, distro):
     default_user_config = util.mergemanydict([old_user, distro_user_config])
 
     base_users = cfg.get('users', [])
-    if not isinstance(base_users, (list, dict, str, basestring)):
+    if not isinstance(base_users, (list, dict) + six.string_types):
         LOG.warn(("Format for 'users' key must be a comma separated string"
                   " or a dictionary or a list and not %s"),
                  type_utils.obj_name(base_users))
@@ -822,12 +823,12 @@ def normalize_users_groups(cfg, distro):
     if old_user:
         # Ensure that when user: is provided that this user
         # always gets added (as the default user)
-        if isinstance(base_users, (list)):
+        if isinstance(base_users, list):
             # Just add it on at the end...
             base_users.append({'name': 'default'})
-        elif isinstance(base_users, (dict)):
+        elif isinstance(base_users, dict):
             base_users['default'] = dict(base_users).get('default', True)
-        elif isinstance(base_users, (str, basestring)):
+        elif isinstance(base_users, six.string_types):
             # Just append it on to be re-parsed later
             base_users += ",default"
 
@@ -852,11 +853,11 @@ def extract_default(users, default_name=None, default_config=None):
             return config['default']
 
     tmp_users = users.items()
-    tmp_users = dict(itertools.ifilter(safe_find, tmp_users))
+    tmp_users = dict(filter(safe_find, tmp_users))
     if not tmp_users:
         return (default_name, default_config)
     else:
-        name = tmp_users.keys()[0]
+        name = list(tmp_users)[0]
         config = tmp_users[name]
         config.pop('default', None)
         return (name, config)

cloudinit/distros/arch.py

@@ -66,7 +66,7 @@ class Distro(distros.Distro):
                   settings, entries)
         dev_names = entries.keys()
         # Format for netctl
-        for (dev, info) in entries.iteritems():
+        for (dev, info) in entries.items():
             nameservers = []
             net_fn = self.network_conf_dir + dev
             net_cfg = {
@@ -129,7 +129,7 @@ class Distro(distros.Distro):
         if not conf:
             conf = HostnameConf('')
         conf.set_hostname(your_hostname)
-        util.write_file(out_fn, str(conf), 0644)
+        util.write_file(out_fn, conf, 0o644)
 
     def _read_system_hostname(self):
         sys_hostname = self._read_hostname(self.hostname_conf_fn)

cloudinit/distros/debian.py

@@ -97,7 +97,7 @@ class Distro(distros.Distro):
         if not conf:
             conf = HostnameConf('')
         conf.set_hostname(your_hostname)
-        util.write_file(out_fn, str(conf), 0644)
+        util.write_file(out_fn, str(conf), 0o644)
 
     def _read_system_hostname(self):
         sys_hostname = self._read_hostname(self.hostname_conf_fn)

cloudinit/distros/freebsd.py

@@ -16,7 +16,8 @@
 #    You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
 #    along with this program.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
 
-from StringIO import StringIO
+import six
+from six import StringIO
 
 import re
 
@@ -203,8 +204,9 @@ class Distro(distros.Distro):
 
         redact_opts = ['passwd']
 
-        for key, val in kwargs.iteritems():
-            if key in adduser_opts and val and isinstance(val, basestring):
+        for key, val in kwargs.items():
+            if (key in adduser_opts and val
+                    and isinstance(val, six.string_types)):
                 adduser_cmd.extend([adduser_opts[key], val])
 
                 # Redact certain fields from the logs
@@ -271,7 +273,7 @@ class Distro(distros.Distro):
         nameservers = []
         searchdomains = []
         dev_names = entries.keys()
-        for (device, info) in entries.iteritems():
+        for (device, info) in entries.items():
             # Skip the loopback interface.
             if device.startswith('lo'):
                 continue
@@ -323,7 +325,7 @@ class Distro(distros.Distro):
                 resolvconf.add_search_domain(domain)
             except ValueError:
                 util.logexc(LOG, "Failed to add search domain %s", domain)
-        util.write_file(self.resolv_conf_fn, str(resolvconf), 0644)
+        util.write_file(self.resolv_conf_fn, str(resolvconf), 0o644)
 
         return dev_names
 

cloudinit/distros/gentoo.py

@@ -108,7 +108,7 @@ class Distro(distros.Distro):
         if not conf:
             conf = HostnameConf('')
         conf.set_hostname(your_hostname)
-        util.write_file(out_fn, str(conf), 0644)
+        util.write_file(out_fn, conf, 0o644)
 
     def _read_system_hostname(self):
         sys_hostname = self._read_hostname(self.hostname_conf_fn)

cloudinit/distros/net_util.py

@@ -103,7 +103,7 @@ def translate_network(settings):
             consume[cmd] = args
     # Check if anything left over to consume
     absorb = False
-    for (cmd, args) in consume.iteritems():
+    for (cmd, args) in consume.items():
         if cmd == 'iface':
             absorb = True
     if absorb:

cloudinit/distros/parsers/hostname.py

@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@
 #    You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
 #    along with this program.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
 
-from StringIO import StringIO
+from six import StringIO
 
 from cloudinit.distros.parsers import chop_comment
 

cloudinit/distros/parsers/hosts.py

@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@
 #    You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
 #    along with this program.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
 
-from StringIO import StringIO
+from six import StringIO
 
 from cloudinit.distros.parsers import chop_comment
 

cloudinit/distros/parsers/resolv_conf.py

@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@
 #    You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
 #    along with this program.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
 
-from StringIO import StringIO
+from six import StringIO
 
 from cloudinit import util
 

cloudinit/distros/parsers/sys_conf.py

@@ -16,7 +16,8 @@
 #    You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
 #    along with this program.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
 
-from StringIO import StringIO
+import six
+from six import StringIO
 
 import pipes
 import re
@@ -69,7 +70,7 @@ class SysConf(configobj.ConfigObj):
         return out_contents.getvalue()
 
     def _quote(self, value, multiline=False):
-        if not isinstance(value, (str, basestring)):
+        if not isinstance(value, six.string_types):
             raise ValueError('Value "%s" is not a string' % (value))
         if len(value) == 0:
             return ''

cloudinit/distros/rhel.py

@@ -73,7 +73,7 @@ class Distro(distros.Distro):
         searchservers = []
         dev_names = entries.keys()
         use_ipv6 = False
-        for (dev, info) in entries.iteritems():
+        for (dev, info) in entries.items():
             net_fn = self.network_script_tpl % (dev)
             net_cfg = {
                 'DEVICE': dev,

cloudinit/distros/rhel_util.py

@@ -50,7 +50,7 @@ def update_sysconfig_file(fn, adjustments, allow_empty=False):
         ]
         if not exists:
             lines.insert(0, util.make_header())
-        util.write_file(fn, "\n".join(lines) + "\n", 0644)
+        util.write_file(fn, "\n".join(lines) + "\n", 0o644)
 
 
 # Helper function to read a RHEL/SUSE /etc/sysconfig/* file
@@ -86,4 +86,4 @@ def update_resolve_conf_file(fn, dns_servers, search_servers):
                 r_conf.add_search_domain(s)
             except ValueError:
                 util.logexc(LOG, "Failed at adding search domain %s", s)
-    util.write_file(fn, str(r_conf), 0644)
+    util.write_file(fn, r_conf, 0o644)

cloudinit/distros/sles.py

@@ -62,7 +62,7 @@ class Distro(distros.Distro):
         nameservers = []
         searchservers = []
         dev_names = entries.keys()
-        for (dev, info) in entries.iteritems():
+        for (dev, info) in entries.items():
             net_fn = self.network_script_tpl % (dev)
             mode = info.get('auto')
             if mode and mode.lower() == 'true':
@@ -113,7 +113,7 @@ class Distro(distros.Distro):
         if not conf:
             conf = HostnameConf('')
         conf.set_hostname(hostname)
-        util.write_file(out_fn, str(conf), 0644)
+        util.write_file(out_fn, str(conf), 0o644)
 
     def _read_system_hostname(self):
         host_fn = self.hostname_conf_fn

cloudinit/ec2_utils.py

@@ -17,7 +17,6 @@
 #    along with this program.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
 
 import functools
-import httplib
 import json
 
 from cloudinit import log as logging
@@ -25,7 +24,7 @@ from cloudinit import url_helper
 from cloudinit import util
 
 LOG = logging.getLogger(__name__)
-SKIP_USERDATA_CODES = frozenset([httplib.NOT_FOUND])
+SKIP_USERDATA_CODES = frozenset([url_helper.NOT_FOUND])
 
 
 class MetadataLeafDecoder(object):
@@ -123,7 +122,7 @@ class MetadataMaterializer(object):
         leaf_contents = {}
         for (field, resource) in leaves.items():
             leaf_url = url_helper.combine_url(base_url, resource)
-            leaf_blob = str(self._caller(leaf_url))
+            leaf_blob = self._caller(leaf_url).contents
             leaf_contents[field] = self._leaf_decoder(field, leaf_blob)
         joined = {}
         joined.update(child_contents)
@@ -160,7 +159,7 @@ def get_instance_userdata(api_version='latest',
                                          timeout=timeout,
                                          retries=retries,
                                          exception_cb=exception_cb)
-        user_data = str(response)
+        user_data = response.contents
     except url_helper.UrlError as e:
         if e.code not in SKIP_USERDATA_CODES:
             util.logexc(LOG, "Failed fetching userdata from url %s", ud_url)
@@ -183,7 +182,7 @@ def get_instance_metadata(api_version='latest',
 
     try:
         response = caller(md_url)
-        materializer = MetadataMaterializer(str(response),
+        materializer = MetadataMaterializer(response.contents,
                                             md_url, caller,
                                             leaf_decoder=leaf_decoder)
         md = materializer.materialize()

cloudinit/handlers/__init__.py

@@ -22,6 +22,7 @@
 
 import abc
 import os
+import six
 
 from cloudinit.settings import (PER_ALWAYS, PER_INSTANCE, FREQUENCIES)
 
@@ -147,7 +148,7 @@ def walker_handle_handler(pdata, _ctype, _filename, payload):
     if not modfname.endswith(".py"):
         modfname = "%s.py" % (modfname)
     # TODO(harlowja): Check if path exists??
-    util.write_file(modfname, payload, 0600)
+    util.write_file(modfname, payload, 0o600)
     handlers = pdata['handlers']
     try:
         mod = fixup_handler(importer.import_module(modname))
@@ -174,11 +175,11 @@ def _extract_first_or_bytes(blob, size):
 
 def _escape_string(text):
     try:
-        return text.encode("string-escape")
-    except TypeError:
+        return text.encode("string_escape")
+    except (LookupError, TypeError):
         try:
-            # Unicode doesn't support string-escape...
-            return text.encode('unicode-escape')
+            # Unicode (and Python 3's str) doesn't support string_escape...
+            return text.encode('unicode_escape')
         except TypeError:
             # Give up...
             pass
@@ -232,7 +233,8 @@ def walk(msg, callback, data):
         headers = dict(part)
         LOG.debug(headers)
         headers['Content-Type'] = ctype
-        callback(data, filename, part.get_payload(decode=True), headers)
+        payload = util.fully_decoded_payload(part)
+        callback(data, filename, payload, headers)
         partnum = partnum + 1
 
 

cloudinit/handlers/boot_hook.py

@@ -50,7 +50,7 @@ class BootHookPartHandler(handlers.Handler):
         filepath = os.path.join(self.boothook_dir, filename)
         contents = util.strip_prefix_suffix(util.dos2unix(payload),
                                             prefix=BOOTHOOK_PREFIX)
-        util.write_file(filepath, contents.lstrip(), 0700)
+        util.write_file(filepath, contents.lstrip(), 0o700)
         return filepath
 
     def handle_part(self, data, ctype, filename, payload, frequency):

cloudinit/handlers/cloud_config.py

@@ -95,7 +95,7 @@ class CloudConfigPartHandler(handlers.Handler):
             lines.append(util.yaml_dumps(self.cloud_buf))
         else:
             lines = []
-        util.write_file(self.cloud_fn, "\n".join(lines), 0600)
+        util.write_file(self.cloud_fn, "\n".join(lines), 0o600)
 
     def _extract_mergers(self, payload, headers):
         merge_header_headers = ''

cloudinit/handlers/shell_script.py

@@ -52,4 +52,4 @@ class ShellScriptPartHandler(handlers.Handler):
         filename = util.clean_filename(filename)
         payload = util.dos2unix(payload)
         path = os.path.join(self.script_dir, filename)
-        util.write_file(path, payload, 0700)
+        util.write_file(path, payload, 0o700)

cloudinit/handlers/upstart_job.py

@@ -65,7 +65,7 @@ class UpstartJobPartHandler(handlers.Handler):
 
         payload = util.dos2unix(payload)
         path = os.path.join(self.upstart_dir, filename)
-        util.write_file(path, payload, 0644)
+        util.write_file(path, payload, 0o644)
 
         if SUITABLE_UPSTART:
             util.subp(["initctl", "reload-configuration"], capture=False)

cloudinit/helpers.py

@@ -23,10 +23,11 @@
 from time import time
 
 import contextlib
-import io
 import os
 
-from ConfigParser import (NoSectionError, NoOptionError, RawConfigParser)
+import six
+from six.moves.configparser import (
+    NoSectionError, NoOptionError, RawConfigParser)
 
 from cloudinit.settings import (PER_INSTANCE, PER_ALWAYS, PER_ONCE,
                                 CFG_ENV_NAME)
@@ -318,10 +319,7 @@ class ContentHandlers(object):
         return self.registered[content_type]
 
     def items(self):
-        return self.registered.items()
-
-    def iteritems(self):
-        return self.registered.iteritems()
+        return list(self.registered.items())
 
 
 class Paths(object):
@@ -449,7 +447,7 @@ class DefaultingConfigParser(RawConfigParser):
 
     def stringify(self, header=None):
         contents = ''
-        with io.BytesIO() as outputstream:
+        with six.StringIO() as outputstream:
             self.write(outputstream)
             outputstream.flush()
             contents = outputstream.getvalue()

cloudinit/log.py

@@ -28,7 +28,8 @@ import collections
 import os
 import sys
 
-from StringIO import StringIO
+import six
+from six import StringIO
 
 # Logging levels for easy access
 CRITICAL = logging.CRITICAL
@@ -72,13 +73,13 @@ def setupLogging(cfg=None):
 
     log_cfgs = []
     log_cfg = cfg.get('logcfg')
-    if log_cfg and isinstance(log_cfg, (str, basestring)):
+    if log_cfg and isinstance(log_cfg, six.string_types):
         # If there is a 'logcfg' entry in the config,
         # respect it, it is the old keyname
         log_cfgs.append(str(log_cfg))
     elif "log_cfgs" in cfg:
         for a_cfg in cfg['log_cfgs']:
-            if isinstance(a_cfg, (basestring, str)):
+            if isinstance(a_cfg, six.string_types):
                 log_cfgs.append(a_cfg)
             elif isinstance(a_cfg, (collections.Iterable)):
                 cfg_str = [str(c) for c in a_cfg]

cloudinit/mergers/__init__.py

@@ -18,6 +18,8 @@
 
 import re
 
+import six
+
 from cloudinit import importer
 from cloudinit import log as logging
 from cloudinit import type_utils
@@ -95,7 +97,7 @@ def dict_extract_mergers(config):
         raw_mergers = config.pop('merge_type', None)
     if raw_mergers is None:
         return parsed_mergers
-    if isinstance(raw_mergers, (str, basestring)):
+    if isinstance(raw_mergers, six.string_types):
         return string_extract_mergers(raw_mergers)
     for m in raw_mergers:
         if isinstance(m, (dict)):

cloudinit/mergers/m_dict.py

@@ -16,6 +16,8 @@
 #    You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
 #    along with this program.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
 
+import six
+
 DEF_MERGE_TYPE = 'no_replace'
 MERGE_TYPES = ('replace', DEF_MERGE_TYPE,)
 
@@ -57,7 +59,7 @@ class Merger(object):
                 return new_v
             if isinstance(new_v, (list, tuple)) and self._recurse_array:
                 return self._merger.merge(old_v, new_v)
-            if isinstance(new_v, (basestring)) and self._recurse_str:
+            if isinstance(new_v, six.string_types) and self._recurse_str:
                 return self._merger.merge(old_v, new_v)
             if isinstance(new_v, (dict)) and self._recurse_dict:
                 return self._merger.merge(old_v, new_v)

cloudinit/mergers/m_list.py

@@ -16,6 +16,8 @@
 #    You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
 #    along with this program.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
 
+import six
+
 DEF_MERGE_TYPE = 'replace'
 MERGE_TYPES = ('append', 'prepend', DEF_MERGE_TYPE, 'no_replace')
 
@@ -73,7 +75,7 @@ class Merger(object):
                 return old_v
             if isinstance(new_v, (list, tuple)) and self._recurse_array:
                 return self._merger.merge(old_v, new_v)
-            if isinstance(new_v, (str, basestring)) and self._recurse_str:
+            if isinstance(new_v, six.string_types) and self._recurse_str:
                 return self._merger.merge(old_v, new_v)
             if isinstance(new_v, (dict)) and self._recurse_dict:
                 return self._merger.merge(old_v, new_v)
@@ -82,6 +84,6 @@ class Merger(object):
         # Ok now we are replacing same indexes
         merged_list.extend(value)
         common_len = min(len(merged_list), len(merge_with))
-        for i in xrange(0, common_len):
+        for i in range(0, common_len):
             merged_list[i] = merge_same_index(merged_list[i], merge_with[i])
         return merged_list

cloudinit/mergers/m_str.py

@@ -17,6 +17,8 @@
 # You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
 # along with this program. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
 
+import six
+
 
 class Merger(object):
     def __init__(self, _merger, opts):
@@ -34,11 +36,11 @@ class Merger(object):
     # perform the following action, if appending we will
     # merge them together, otherwise we will just return value.
     def _on_str(self, value, merge_with):
-        if not isinstance(value, (basestring)):
+        if not isinstance(value, six.string_types):
             return merge_with
         if not self._append:
             return merge_with
-        if isinstance(value, unicode):
-            return value + unicode(merge_with)
+        if isinstance(value, six.text_type):
+            return value + six.text_type(merge_with)
         else:
-            return value + str(merge_with)
+            return value + six.binary_type(merge_with)

cloudinit/netinfo.py

@@ -87,7 +87,7 @@ def netdev_info(empty=""):
                     devs[curdev][target] = toks[i][len(field) + 1:]
 
     if empty != "":
-        for (_devname, dev) in devs.iteritems():
+        for (_devname, dev) in devs.items():
             for field in dev:
                 if dev[field] == "":
                     dev[field] = empty
@@ -181,7 +181,7 @@ def netdev_pformat():
     else:
         fields = ['Device', 'Up', 'Address', 'Mask', 'Scope', 'Hw-Address']
         tbl = PrettyTable(fields)
-        for (dev, d) in netdev.iteritems():
+        for (dev, d) in netdev.items():
             tbl.add_row([dev, d["up"], d["addr"], d["mask"], ".", d["hwaddr"]])
             if d.get('addr6'):
                 tbl.add_row([dev, d["up"],

cloudinit/signal_handler.py

@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@ import inspect
 import signal
 import sys
 
-from StringIO import StringIO
+from six import StringIO
 
 from cloudinit import log as logging
 from cloudinit import util

cloudinit/sources/DataSourceAltCloud.py

@@ -200,11 +200,11 @@ class DataSourceAltCloud(sources.DataSource):
             cmd = CMD_PROBE_FLOPPY
             (cmd_out, _err) = util.subp(cmd)
             LOG.debug(('Command: %s\nOutput%s') % (' '.join(cmd), cmd_out))
-        except ProcessExecutionError, _err:
+        except ProcessExecutionError as _err:
             util.logexc(LOG, 'Failed command: %s\n%s', ' '.join(cmd),
                         _err.message)
             return False
-        except OSError, _err:
+        except OSError as _err:
             util.logexc(LOG, 'Failed command: %s\n%s', ' '.join(cmd),
                         _err.message)
             return False
@@ -217,11 +217,11 @@ class DataSourceAltCloud(sources.DataSource):
             cmd.append('--exit-if-exists=' + floppy_dev)
             (cmd_out, _err) = util.subp(cmd)
             LOG.debug(('Command: %s\nOutput%s') % (' '.join(cmd), cmd_out))
-        except ProcessExecutionError, _err:
+        except ProcessExecutionError as _err:
             util.logexc(LOG, 'Failed command: %s\n%s', ' '.join(cmd),
                         _err.message)
             return False
-        except OSError, _err:
+        except OSError as _err:
             util.logexc(LOG, 'Failed command: %s\n%s', ' '.join(cmd),
                         _err.message)
             return False

cloudinit/sources/DataSourceAzure.py

@@ -124,7 +124,8 @@ class DataSourceAzureNet(sources.DataSource):
             LOG.debug("using files cached in %s", ddir)
 
         # azure / hyper-v provides random data here
-        seed = util.load_file("/sys/firmware/acpi/tables/OEM0", quiet=True)
+        seed = util.load_file("/sys/firmware/acpi/tables/OEM0",
+                              quiet=True, decode=False)
         if seed:
             self.metadata['random_seed'] = seed
 
@@ -151,7 +152,7 @@ class DataSourceAzureNet(sources.DataSource):
 
         # walinux agent writes files world readable, but expects
         # the directory to be protected.
-        write_files(ddir, files, dirmode=0700)
+        write_files(ddir, files, dirmode=0o700)
 
         # handle the hostname 'publishing'
         try:
@@ -390,7 +391,7 @@ def write_files(datadir, files, dirmode=None):
     util.ensure_dir(datadir, dirmode)
     for (name, content) in files.items():
         util.write_file(filename=os.path.join(datadir, name),
-                        content=content, mode=0600)
+                        content=content, mode=0o600)
 
 
 def invoke_agent(cmd):

cloudinit/sources/DataSourceConfigDrive.py

@@ -216,11 +216,11 @@ def on_first_boot(data, distro=None):
     files = data.get('files', {})
     if files:
         LOG.debug("Writing %s injected files", len(files))
-        for (filename, content) in files.iteritems():
+        for (filename, content) in files.items():
             if not filename.startswith(os.sep):
                 filename = os.sep + filename
             try:
-                util.write_file(filename, content, mode=0660)
+                util.write_file(filename, content, mode=0o660)
             except IOError:
                 util.logexc(LOG, "Failed writing file: %s", filename)
 

cloudinit/sources/DataSourceDigitalOcean.py

@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@ from cloudinit import log as logging
 from cloudinit import util
 from cloudinit import sources
 from cloudinit import ec2_utils
-from types import StringType
+
 import functools
 
 
@@ -72,10 +72,11 @@ class DataSourceDigitalOcean(sources.DataSource):
         return "\n".join(self.metadata['vendor-data'])
 
     def get_public_ssh_keys(self):
-        if type(self.metadata['public-keys']) is StringType:
-            return [self.metadata['public-keys']]
+        public_keys = self.metadata['public-keys']
+        if isinstance(public_keys, list):
+            return public_keys
         else:
-            return self.metadata['public-keys']
+            return [public_keys]
 
     @property
     def availability_zone(self):

cloudinit/sources/DataSourceEc2.py

@@ -156,8 +156,8 @@ class DataSourceEc2(sources.DataSource):
         # 'ephemeral0': '/dev/sdb',
         # 'root': '/dev/sda1'}
         found = None
-        bdm_items = self.metadata['block-device-mapping'].iteritems()
-        for (entname, device) in bdm_items:
+        bdm = self.metadata['block-device-mapping']
+        for (entname, device) in bdm.items():
             if entname == name:
                 found = device
                 break

cloudinit/sources/DataSourceMAAS.py

@@ -18,12 +18,15 @@
 #    You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
 #    along with this program.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
 
+from __future__ import print_function
+
 from email.utils import parsedate
 import errno
-import oauth.oauth as oauth
+import oauthlib
 import os
 import time
-import urllib2
+
+from six.moves.urllib_request import Request, urlopen
 
 from cloudinit import log as logging
 from cloudinit import sources
@@ -262,7 +265,7 @@ def check_seed_contents(content, seed):
 
     userdata = content.get('user-data', "")
     md = {}
-    for (key, val) in content.iteritems():
+    for (key, val) in content.items():
         if key == 'user-data':
             continue
         md[key] = val
@@ -272,25 +275,14 @@ def check_seed_contents(content, seed):
 
 def oauth_headers(url, consumer_key, token_key, token_secret, consumer_secret,
                   timestamp=None):
-    consumer = oauth.OAuthConsumer(consumer_key, consumer_secret)
-    token = oauth.OAuthToken(token_key, token_secret)
-
-    if timestamp is None:
-        ts = int(time.time())
-    else:
-        ts = timestamp
-
-    params = {
-        'oauth_version': "1.0",
-        'oauth_nonce': oauth.generate_nonce(),
-        'oauth_timestamp': ts,
-        'oauth_token': token.key,
-        'oauth_consumer_key': consumer.key,
-    }
-    req = oauth.OAuthRequest(http_url=url, parameters=params)
-    req.sign_request(oauth.OAuthSignatureMethod_PLAINTEXT(),
-                     consumer, token)
-    return req.to_header()
+    client = oauthlib.oauth1.Client(
+        consumer_key,
+        client_secret=consumer_secret,
+        resource_owner_key=token_key,
+        resource_owner_secret=token_secret,
+        signature_method=oauthlib.SIGNATURE_PLAINTEXT)
+    uri, signed_headers, body = client.sign(url)
+    return signed_headers
 
 
 class MAASSeedDirNone(Exception):
@@ -357,11 +349,11 @@ if __name__ == "__main__":
                     creds[key] = cfg[key]
 
         def geturl(url, headers_cb):
-            req = urllib2.Request(url, data=None, headers=headers_cb(url))
-            return (urllib2.urlopen(req).read())
+            req = Request(url, data=None, headers=headers_cb(url))
+            return urlopen(req).read()
 
         def printurl(url, headers_cb):
-            print "== %s ==\n%s\n" % (url, geturl(url, headers_cb))
+            print("== %s ==\n%s\n" % (url, geturl(url, headers_cb)))
 
         def crawl(url, headers_cb=None):
             if url.endswith("/"):
@@ -386,9 +378,9 @@ if __name__ == "__main__":
                                                           version=args.apiver)
             else:
                 (userdata, metadata) = read_maas_seed_url(args.url)
-            print "=== userdata ==="
-            print userdata
-            print "=== metadata ==="
+            print("=== userdata ===")
+            print(userdata)
+            print("=== metadata ===")
             pprint.pprint(metadata)
 
         elif args.subcmd == "get":

cloudinit/sources/DataSourceOVF.py

@@ -66,7 +66,7 @@ class DataSourceOVF(sources.DataSource):
             np = {'iso': transport_iso9660,
                   'vmware-guestd': transport_vmware_guestd, }
             name = None
-            for (name, transfunc) in np.iteritems():
+            for (name, transfunc) in np.items():
                 (contents, _dev, _fname) = transfunc()
                 if contents:
                     break
@@ -138,7 +138,7 @@ def read_ovf_environment(contents):
     ud = ""
     cfg_props = ['password']
     md_props = ['seedfrom', 'local-hostname', 'public-keys', 'instance-id']
-    for (prop, val) in props.iteritems():
+    for (prop, val) in props.items():
         if prop == 'hostname':
             prop = "local-hostname"
         if prop in md_props:
@@ -183,7 +183,7 @@ def transport_iso9660(require_iso=True):
 
     # Go through mounts to see if it was already mounted
     mounts = util.mounts()
-    for (dev, info) in mounts.iteritems():
+    for (dev, info) in mounts.items():
         fstype = info['fstype']
         if fstype != "iso9660" and require_iso:
             continue

cloudinit/sources/DataSourceOpenNebula.py

@@ -34,6 +34,7 @@ from cloudinit import log as logging
 from cloudinit import sources
 from cloudinit import util
 
+
 LOG = logging.getLogger(__name__)
 
 DEFAULT_IID = "iid-dsopennebula"
@@ -280,7 +281,7 @@ def parse_shell_config(content, keylist=None, bash=None, asuser=None,
 
     # allvars expands to all existing variables by using '${!x*}' notation
     # where x is lower or upper case letters or '_'
-    allvars = ["${!%s*}" % x for x in string.letters + "_"]
+    allvars = ["${!%s*}" % x for x in string.ascii_letters + "_"]
 
     keylist_in = keylist
     if keylist is None:
@@ -379,9 +380,8 @@ def read_context_disk_dir(source_dir, asuser=None):
                 raise BrokenContextDiskDir("configured user '%s' "
                                            "does not exist", asuser)
         try:
-            with open(os.path.join(source_dir, 'context.sh'), 'r') as f:
-                content = f.read().strip()
-
+            path = os.path.join(source_dir, 'context.sh')
+            content = util.load_file(path)
             context = parse_shell_config(content, asuser=asuser)
         except util.ProcessExecutionError as e:
             raise BrokenContextDiskDir("Error processing context.sh: %s" % (e))
@@ -426,14 +426,14 @@ def read_context_disk_dir(source_dir, asuser=None):
                                context.get('USER_DATA_ENCODING'))
         if encoding == "base64":
             try:
-                results['userdata'] = base64.b64decode(results['userdata'])
+                results['userdata'] = util.b64d(results['userdata'])
             except TypeError:
                 LOG.warn("Failed base64 decoding of userdata")
 
     # generate static /etc/network/interfaces
     # only if there are any required context variables
     # http://opennebula.org/documentation:rel3.8:cong#network_configuration
-    for k in context.keys():
+    for k in context:
         if re.match(r'^ETH\d+_IP$', k):
             (out, _) = util.subp(['/sbin/ip', 'link'])
             net = OpenNebulaNetwork(out, context)

cloudinit/sources/DataSourceSmartOS.py

@@ -30,12 +30,13 @@
 #       Comments with "@datadictionary" are snippets of the definition
 
 import base64
+import binascii
+import os
+import serial
+
 from cloudinit import log as logging
 from cloudinit import sources
 from cloudinit import util
-import os
-import os.path
-import serial
 
 
 LOG = logging.getLogger(__name__)
@@ -201,7 +202,7 @@ class DataSourceSmartOS(sources.DataSource):
         if b64_all is not None:
             self.b64_all = util.is_true(b64_all)
 
-        for ci_noun, attribute in SMARTOS_ATTRIB_MAP.iteritems():
+        for ci_noun, attribute in SMARTOS_ATTRIB_MAP.items():
             smartos_noun, strip = attribute
             md[ci_noun] = self.query(smartos_noun, strip=strip)
 
@@ -218,11 +219,12 @@ class DataSourceSmartOS(sources.DataSource):
         user_script = os.path.join(data_d, 'user-script')
         u_script_l = "%s/user-script" % LEGACY_USER_D
         write_boot_content(md.get('user-script'), content_f=user_script,
-                           link=u_script_l, shebang=True, mode=0700)
+                           link=u_script_l, shebang=True, mode=0o700)
 
         operator_script = os.path.join(data_d, 'operator-script')
         write_boot_content(md.get('operator-script'),
-                           content_f=operator_script, shebang=False, mode=0700)
+                           content_f=operator_script, shebang=False,
+                           mode=0o700)
 
         # @datadictionary:  This key has no defined format, but its value
         # is written to the file /var/db/mdata-user-data on each boot prior
@@ -349,8 +351,9 @@ def query_data(noun, seed_device, seed_timeout, strip=False, default=None,
 
     if b64:
         try:
-            return base64.b64decode(resp)
-        except TypeError:
+            return util.b64d(resp)
+        # Bogus input produces different errors in Python 2 and 3; catch both.
+        except (TypeError, binascii.Error):
             LOG.warn("Failed base64 decoding key '%s'", noun)
             return resp
 
@@ -368,7 +371,7 @@ def dmi_data():
 
 
 def write_boot_content(content, content_f, link=None, shebang=False,
-                       mode=0400):
+                       mode=0o400):
     """
     Write the content to content_f. Under the following rules:
         1. If no content, remove the file

cloudinit/sources/__init__.py

@@ -23,6 +23,8 @@
 import abc
 import os
 
+import six
+
 from cloudinit import importer
 from cloudinit import log as logging
 from cloudinit import type_utils
@@ -130,7 +132,7 @@ class DataSource(object):
         # we want to return the correct value for what will actually
         # exist in this instance
         mappings = {"sd": ("vd", "xvd", "vtb")}
-        for (nfrom, tlist) in mappings.iteritems():
+        for (nfrom, tlist) in mappings.items():
             if not short_name.startswith(nfrom):
                 continue
             for nto in tlist:
@@ -218,18 +220,18 @@ def normalize_pubkey_data(pubkey_data):
     if not pubkey_data:
         return keys
 
-    if isinstance(pubkey_data, (basestring, str)):
+    if isinstance(pubkey_data, six.string_types):
         return str(pubkey_data).splitlines()
 
     if isinstance(pubkey_data, (list, set)):
         return list(pubkey_data)
 
     if isinstance(pubkey_data, (dict)):
-        for (_keyname, klist) in pubkey_data.iteritems():
+        for (_keyname, klist) in pubkey_data.items():
             # lp:506332 uec metadata service responds with
             # data that makes boto populate a string for 'klist' rather
             # than a list.
-            if isinstance(klist, (str, basestring)):
+            if isinstance(klist, six.string_types):
                 klist = [klist]
             if isinstance(klist, (list, set)):
                 for pkey in klist:

cloudinit/sources/helpers/openstack.py

@@ -24,6 +24,8 @@ import copy
 import functools
 import os
 
+import six
+
 from cloudinit import ec2_utils
 from cloudinit import log as logging
 from cloudinit import sources
@@ -205,7 +207,7 @@ class BaseReader(object):
         """
 
         load_json_anytype = functools.partial(
-            util.load_json, root_types=(dict, basestring, list))
+            util.load_json, root_types=(dict, list) + six.string_types)
 
         def datafiles(version):
             files = {}
@@ -234,7 +236,7 @@ class BaseReader(object):
             'version': 2,
         }
         data = datafiles(self._find_working_version())
-        for (name, (path, required, translator)) in data.iteritems():
+        for (name, (path, required, translator)) in data.items():
             path = self._path_join(self.base_path, path)
             data = None
             found = False
@@ -364,7 +366,7 @@ class ConfigDriveReader(BaseReader):
             raise NonReadable("%s: no files found" % (self.base_path))
 
         md = {}
-        for (name, (key, translator, default)) in FILES_V1.iteritems():
+        for (name, (key, translator, default)) in FILES_V1.items():
             if name in found:
                 path = found[name]
                 try:
@@ -478,7 +480,7 @@ def convert_vendordata_json(data, recurse=True):
     """
     if not data:
         return None
-    if isinstance(data, (str, unicode, basestring)):
+    if isinstance(data, six.string_types):
         return data
     if isinstance(data, list):
         return copy.deepcopy(data)

cloudinit/ssh_util.py

@@ -239,7 +239,7 @@ def setup_user_keys(keys, username, options=None):
     # Make sure the users .ssh dir is setup accordingly
     (ssh_dir, pwent) = users_ssh_info(username)
     if not os.path.isdir(ssh_dir):
-        util.ensure_dir(ssh_dir, mode=0700)
+        util.ensure_dir(ssh_dir, mode=0o700)
         util.chownbyid(ssh_dir, pwent.pw_uid, pwent.pw_gid)
 
     # Turn the 'update' keys given into actual entries
@@ -252,8 +252,8 @@ def setup_user_keys(keys, username, options=None):
     (auth_key_fn, auth_key_entries) = extract_authorized_keys(username)
     with util.SeLinuxGuard(ssh_dir, recursive=True):
         content = update_authorized_keys(auth_key_entries, key_entries)
-        util.ensure_dir(os.path.dirname(auth_key_fn), mode=0700)
-        util.write_file(auth_key_fn, content, mode=0600)
+        util.ensure_dir(os.path.dirname(auth_key_fn), mode=0o700)
+        util.write_file(auth_key_fn, content, mode=0o600)
         util.chownbyid(auth_key_fn, pwent.pw_uid, pwent.pw_gid)
 
 

cloudinit/stages.py

@@ -20,12 +20,13 @@
 #    You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
 #    along with this program.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
 
-import cPickle as pickle
-
 import copy
 import os
 import sys
 
+import six
+from six.moves import cPickle as pickle
+
 from cloudinit.settings import (PER_INSTANCE, FREQUENCIES, CLOUD_CONFIG)
 
 from cloudinit import handlers
@@ -202,7 +203,7 @@ class Init(object):
             util.logexc(LOG, "Failed pickling datasource %s", self.datasource)
             return False
         try:
-            util.write_file(pickled_fn, pk_contents, mode=0400)
+            util.write_file(pickled_fn, pk_contents, mode=0o400)
         except Exception:
             util.logexc(LOG, "Failed pickling datasource to %s", pickled_fn)
             return False
@@ -324,15 +325,15 @@ class Init(object):
 
     def _store_userdata(self):
         raw_ud = "%s" % (self.datasource.get_userdata_raw())
-        util.write_file(self._get_ipath('userdata_raw'), raw_ud, 0600)
+        util.write_file(self._get_ipath('userdata_raw'), raw_ud, 0o600)
         processed_ud = "%s" % (self.datasource.get_userdata())
-        util.write_file(self._get_ipath('userdata'), processed_ud, 0600)
+        util.write_file(self._get_ipath('userdata'), processed_ud, 0o600)
 
     def _store_vendordata(self):
         raw_vd = "%s" % (self.datasource.get_vendordata_raw())
-        util.write_file(self._get_ipath('vendordata_raw'), raw_vd, 0600)
+        util.write_file(self._get_ipath('vendordata_raw'), raw_vd, 0o600)
         processed_vd = "%s" % (self.datasource.get_vendordata())
-        util.write_file(self._get_ipath('vendordata'), processed_vd, 0600)
+        util.write_file(self._get_ipath('vendordata'), processed_vd, 0o600)
 
     def _default_handlers(self, opts=None):
         if opts is None:
@@ -384,7 +385,7 @@ class Init(object):
             if not path or not os.path.isdir(path):
                 return
             potential_handlers = util.find_modules(path)
-            for (fname, mod_name) in potential_handlers.iteritems():
+            for (fname, mod_name) in potential_handlers.items():
                 try:
                     mod_locs, looked_locs = importer.find_module(
                         mod_name, [''], ['list_types', 'handle_part'])
@@ -422,7 +423,7 @@ class Init(object):
 
         def init_handlers():
             # Init the handlers first
-            for (_ctype, mod) in c_handlers.iteritems():
+            for (_ctype, mod) in c_handlers.items():
                 if mod in c_handlers.initialized:
                     # Avoid initing the same module twice (if said module
                     # is registered to more than one content-type).
@@ -449,7 +450,7 @@ class Init(object):
 
         def finalize_handlers():
             # Give callbacks opportunity to finalize
-            for (_ctype, mod) in c_handlers.iteritems():
+            for (_ctype, mod) in c_handlers.items():
                 if mod not in c_handlers.initialized:
                     # Said module was never inited in the first place, so lets
                     # not attempt to finalize those that never got called.
@@ -574,7 +575,7 @@ class Modules(object):
         for item in cfg_mods:
             if not item:
                 continue
-            if isinstance(item, (str, basestring)):
+            if isinstance(item, six.string_types):
                 module_list.append({
                     'mod': item.strip(),
                 })

cloudinit/templater.py

@@ -137,7 +137,7 @@ def render_from_file(fn, params):
     return renderer(content, params)
 
 
-def render_to_file(fn, outfn, params, mode=0644):
+def render_to_file(fn, outfn, params, mode=0o644):
     contents = render_from_file(fn, params)
     util.write_file(outfn, contents, mode=mode)
 

cloudinit/type_utils.py

@@ -22,11 +22,31 @@
 
 import types
 
+import six
 
-def obj_name(obj):
-    if isinstance(obj, (types.TypeType,
+
+if six.PY3:
+    _NAME_TYPES = (
         types.ModuleType,
         types.FunctionType,
-                        types.LambdaType)):
-        return str(obj.__name__)
+        types.LambdaType,
+        type,
+    )
+else:
+    _NAME_TYPES = (
+        types.TypeType,
+        types.ModuleType,
+        types.FunctionType,
+        types.LambdaType,
+        types.ClassType,
+    )
+
+
+def obj_name(obj):
+    if isinstance(obj, _NAME_TYPES):
+        return six.text_type(obj.__name__)
+    else:
+        if not hasattr(obj, '__class__'):
+            return repr(obj)
+        else:
             return obj_name(obj.__class__)

cloudinit/url_helper.py

@@ -20,21 +20,29 @@
 #    You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
 #    along with this program.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
 
-import httplib
 import time
-import urllib
+
+import six
 
 import requests
 from requests import exceptions
 
-from urlparse import (urlparse, urlunparse)
+from six.moves.urllib.parse import (
+    urlparse, urlunparse,
+    quote as urlquote)
 
 from cloudinit import log as logging
 from cloudinit import version
 
 LOG = logging.getLogger(__name__)
 
-NOT_FOUND = httplib.NOT_FOUND
+if six.PY2:
+    import httplib
+    NOT_FOUND = httplib.NOT_FOUND
+else:
+    import http.client
+    NOT_FOUND = http.client.NOT_FOUND
+
 
 # Check if requests has ssl support (added in requests >= 0.8.8)
 SSL_ENABLED = False
@@ -70,7 +78,7 @@ def combine_url(base, *add_ons):
         path = url_parsed[2]
         if path and not path.endswith("/"):
             path += "/"
-        path += urllib.quote(str(add_on), safe="/:")
+        path += urlquote(str(add_on), safe="/:")
         url_parsed[2] = path
         return urlunparse(url_parsed)
 
@@ -111,7 +119,7 @@ class UrlResponse(object):
 
     @property
     def contents(self):
-        return self._response.content
+        return self._response.text
 
     @property
     def url(self):
@@ -135,7 +143,7 @@ class UrlResponse(object):
         return self._response.status_code
 
     def __str__(self):
-        return self.contents
+        return self._response.text
 
 
 class UrlError(IOError):

cloudinit/user_data.py

@@ -29,6 +29,8 @@ from email.mime.multipart import MIMEMultipart
 from email.mime.nonmultipart import MIMENonMultipart
 from email.mime.text import MIMEText
 
+import six
+
 from cloudinit import handlers
 from cloudinit import log as logging
 from cloudinit import util
@@ -106,7 +108,7 @@ class UserDataProcessor(object):
 
             ctype = None
             ctype_orig = part.get_content_type()
-            payload = part.get_payload(decode=True)
+            payload = util.fully_decoded_payload(part)
             was_compressed = False
 
             # When the message states it is of a gzipped content type ensure
@@ -235,7 +237,7 @@ class UserDataProcessor(object):
                 resp = util.read_file_or_url(include_url,
                                              ssl_details=self.ssl_details)
                 if include_once_on and resp.ok():
-                    util.write_file(include_once_fn, str(resp), mode=0600)
+                    util.write_file(include_once_fn, resp, mode=0o600)
                 if resp.ok():
                     content = str(resp)
                 else:
@@ -256,7 +258,7 @@ class UserDataProcessor(object):
             #    filename and type not be present
             # or
             #  scalar(payload)
-            if isinstance(ent, (str, basestring)):
+            if isinstance(ent, six.string_types):
                 ent = {'content': ent}
             if not isinstance(ent, (dict)):
                 # TODO(harlowja) raise?
@@ -337,7 +339,7 @@ def convert_string(raw_data, headers=None):
     data = util.decomp_gzip(raw_data)
     if "mime-version:" in data[0:4096].lower():
         msg = email.message_from_string(data)
-        for (key, val) in headers.iteritems():
+        for (key, val) in headers.items():
             _replace_header(msg, key, val)
     else:
         mtype = headers.get(CONTENT_TYPE, NOT_MULTIPART_TYPE)

cloudinit/util.py

@@ -20,8 +20,6 @@
 #    You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
 #    along with this program.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
 
-from StringIO import StringIO
-
 import contextlib
 import copy as obj_copy
 import ctypes
@@ -45,8 +43,11 @@ import subprocess
 import sys
 import tempfile
 import time
-import urlparse
 
+from base64 import b64decode, b64encode
+from six.moves.urllib import parse as urlparse
+
+import six
 import yaml
 
 from cloudinit import importer
@@ -69,8 +70,60 @@ FN_REPLACEMENTS = {
 }
 FN_ALLOWED = ('_-.()' + string.digits + string.ascii_letters)
 
+TRUE_STRINGS = ('true', '1', 'on', 'yes')
+FALSE_STRINGS = ('off', '0', 'no', 'false')
+
+
 # Helper utils to see if running in a container
-CONTAINER_TESTS = ['running-in-container', 'lxc-is-container']
+CONTAINER_TESTS = ('running-in-container', 'lxc-is-container')
+
+
+def decode_binary(blob, encoding='utf-8'):
+    # Converts a binary type into a text type using given encoding.
+    if isinstance(blob, six.text_type):
+        return blob
+    return blob.decode(encoding)
+
+
+def encode_text(text, encoding='utf-8'):
+    # Converts a text string into a binary type using given encoding.
+    if isinstance(text, six.binary_type):
+        return text
+    return text.encode(encoding)
+
+
+def b64d(source):
+    # Base64 decode some data, accepting bytes or unicode/str, and returning
+    # str/unicode if the result is utf-8 compatible, otherwise returning bytes.
+    decoded = b64decode(source)
+    try:
+        return decoded.decode('utf-8')
+    except UnicodeDecodeError:
+        return decoded
+
+
+def b64e(source):
+    # Base64 encode some data, accepting bytes or unicode/str, and returning
+    # str/unicode if the result is utf-8 compatible, otherwise returning bytes.
+    if not isinstance(source, bytes):
+        source = source.encode('utf-8')
+    return b64encode(source).decode('utf-8')
+
+
+def fully_decoded_payload(part):
+    # In Python 3, decoding the payload will ironically hand us a bytes object.
+    # 'decode' means to decode according to Content-Transfer-Encoding, not
+    # according to any charset in the Content-Type.  So, if we end up with
+    # bytes, first try to decode to str via CT charset, and failing that, try
+    # utf-8 using surrogate escapes.
+    cte_payload = part.get_payload(decode=True)
+    if (six.PY3 and
+            part.get_content_maintype() == 'text' and
+            isinstance(cte_payload, bytes)):
+        charset = part.get_charset() or 'utf-8'
+        return cte_payload.decode(charset, errors='surrogateescape')
+    return cte_payload
+
 
 # Path for DMI Data
 DMI_SYS_PATH = "/sys/class/dmi/id"
@@ -98,7 +151,7 @@ class ProcessExecutionError(IOError):
         else:
             self.description = description
 
-        if not isinstance(exit_code, (long, int)):
+        if not isinstance(exit_code, six.integer_types):
             self.exit_code = '-'
         else:
             self.exit_code = exit_code
@@ -127,6 +180,9 @@ class ProcessExecutionError(IOError):
             'reason': self.reason,
         }
         IOError.__init__(self, message)
+        # For backward compatibility with Python 2.
+        if not hasattr(self, 'message'):
+            self.message = message
 
 
 class SeLinuxGuard(object):
@@ -154,6 +210,7 @@ class SeLinuxGuard(object):
 
         path = os.path.realpath(self.path)
         # path should be a string, not unicode
+        if six.PY2:
             path = str(path)
         try:
             stats = os.lstat(path)
@@ -212,10 +269,10 @@ def fork_cb(child_cb, *args, **kwargs):
 def is_true(val, addons=None):
     if isinstance(val, (bool)):
         return val is True
-    check_set = ['true', '1', 'on', 'yes']
+    check_set = TRUE_STRINGS
     if addons:
-        check_set = check_set + addons
-    if str(val).lower().strip() in check_set:
+        check_set = list(check_set) + addons
+    if six.text_type(val).lower().strip() in check_set:
         return True
     return False
 
@@ -223,10 +280,10 @@ def is_true(val, addons=None):
 def is_false(val, addons=None):
     if isinstance(val, (bool)):
         return val is False
-    check_set = ['off', '0', 'no', 'false']
+    check_set = FALSE_STRINGS
     if addons:
-        check_set = check_set + addons
-    if str(val).lower().strip() in check_set:
+        check_set = list(check_set) + addons
+    if six.text_type(val).lower().strip() in check_set:
         return True
     return False
 
@@ -244,7 +301,7 @@ def translate_bool(val, addons=None):
 
 def rand_str(strlen=32, select_from=None):
     if not select_from:
-        select_from = string.letters + string.digits
+        select_from = string.ascii_letters + string.digits
     return "".join([random.choice(select_from) for _x in range(0, strlen)])
 
 
@@ -276,7 +333,7 @@ def uniq_merge_sorted(*lists):
 def uniq_merge(*lists):
     combined_list = []
     for a_list in lists:
-        if isinstance(a_list, (str, basestring)):
+        if isinstance(a_list, six.string_types):
             a_list = a_list.strip().split(",")
             # Kickout the empty ones
             a_list = [a for a in a_list if len(a)]
@@ -285,7 +342,7 @@ def uniq_merge(*lists):
 
 
 def clean_filename(fn):
-    for (k, v) in FN_REPLACEMENTS.iteritems():
+    for (k, v) in FN_REPLACEMENTS.items():
         fn = fn.replace(k, v)
     removals = []
     for k in fn:
@@ -297,16 +354,19 @@ def clean_filename(fn):
     return fn
 
 
-def decomp_gzip(data, quiet=True):
+def decomp_gzip(data, quiet=True, decode=True):
     try:
-        buf = StringIO(str(data))
+        buf = six.BytesIO(encode_text(data))
         with contextlib.closing(gzip.GzipFile(None, "rb", 1, buf)) as gh:
+            if decode:
+                return decode_binary(gh.read())
+            else:
                 return gh.read()
     except Exception as e:
         if quiet:
             return data
         else:
-            raise DecompressionError(str(e))
+            raise DecompressionError(six.text_type(e))
 
 
 def extract_usergroup(ug_pair):
@@ -365,7 +425,7 @@ def multi_log(text, console=True, stderr=True,
 
 
 def load_json(text, root_types=(dict,)):
-    decoded = json.loads(text)
+    decoded = json.loads(decode_binary(text))
     if not isinstance(decoded, tuple(root_types)):
         expected_types = ", ".join([str(t) for t in root_types])
         raise TypeError("(%s) root types expected, got %s instead"
@@ -397,7 +457,7 @@ def get_cfg_option_str(yobj, key, default=None):
     if key not in yobj:
         return default
     val = yobj[key]
-    if not isinstance(val, (str, basestring)):
+    if not isinstance(val, six.string_types):
         val = str(val)
     return val
 
@@ -436,7 +496,7 @@ def get_cfg_option_list(yobj, key, default=None):
     if isinstance(val, (list)):
         cval = [v for v in val]
         return cval
-    if not isinstance(val, (basestring)):
+    if not isinstance(val, six.string_types):
         val = str(val)
     return [val]
 
@@ -711,10 +771,10 @@ def read_file_or_url(url, timeout=5, retries=10,
 
 def load_yaml(blob, default=None, allowed=(dict,)):
     loaded = default
+    blob = decode_binary(blob)
     try:
-        blob = str(blob)
-        LOG.debug(("Attempting to load yaml from string "
-                 "of length %s with allowed root types %s"),
+        LOG.debug("Attempting to load yaml from string "
+                 "of length %s with allowed root types %s",
                  len(blob), allowed)
         converted = safeyaml.load(blob)
         if not isinstance(converted, allowed):
@@ -749,14 +809,12 @@ def read_seeded(base="", ext="", timeout=5, retries=10, file_retries=0):
     md_resp = read_file_or_url(md_url, timeout, retries, file_retries)
     md = None
     if md_resp.ok():
-        md_str = str(md_resp)
-        md = load_yaml(md_str, default={})
+        md = load_yaml(md_resp.contents, default={})
 
     ud_resp = read_file_or_url(ud_url, timeout, retries, file_retries)
     ud = None
     if ud_resp.ok():
-        ud_str = str(ud_resp)
-        ud = ud_str
+        ud = ud_resp.contents
 
     return (md, ud)
 
@@ -787,7 +845,7 @@ def read_conf_with_confd(cfgfile):
     if "conf_d" in cfg:
         confd = cfg['conf_d']
         if confd:
-            if not isinstance(confd, (str, basestring)):
+            if not isinstance(confd, six.string_types):
                 raise TypeError(("Config file %s contains 'conf_d' "
                                  "with non-string type %s") %
                                  (cfgfile, type_utils.obj_name(confd)))
@@ -924,8 +982,8 @@ def get_cmdline_url(names=('cloud-config-url', 'url'),
         return (None, None, None)
 
     resp = read_file_or_url(url)
-    if resp.contents.startswith(starts) and resp.ok():
-        return (key, url, str(resp))
+    if resp.ok() and resp.contents.startswith(starts):
+        return (key, url, resp.contents)
 
     return (key, url, None)
 
@@ -1079,9 +1137,9 @@ def uniq_list(in_list):
     return out_list
 
 
-def load_file(fname, read_cb=None, quiet=False):
+def load_file(fname, read_cb=None, quiet=False, decode=True):
     LOG.debug("Reading from %s (quiet=%s)", fname, quiet)
-    ofh = StringIO()
+    ofh = six.BytesIO()
     try:
         with open(fname, 'rb') as ifh:
             pipe_in_out(ifh, ofh, chunk_cb=read_cb)
@@ -1092,6 +1150,9 @@ def load_file(fname, read_cb=None, quiet=False):
             raise
     contents = ofh.getvalue()
     LOG.debug("Read %s bytes from %s", len(contents), fname)
+    if decode:
+        return decode_binary(contents)
+    else:
         return contents
 
 
@@ -1110,7 +1171,7 @@ def pipe_in_out(in_fh, out_fh, chunk_size=1024, chunk_cb=None):
     bytes_piped = 0
     while True:
         data = in_fh.read(chunk_size)
-        if data == '':
+        if len(data) == 0:
             break
         else:
             out_fh.write(data)
@@ -1216,13 +1277,20 @@ def logexc(log, msg, *args):
     # coming out to a non-debug stream
     if msg:
         log.warn(msg, *args)
-    # Debug gets the full trace
-    log.debug(msg, exc_info=1, *args)
+    # Debug gets the full trace.  However, nose has a bug whereby its
+    # logcapture plugin doesn't properly handle the case where there is no
+    # actual exception.  To avoid tracebacks during the test suite then, we'll
+    # do the actual exc_info extraction here, and if there is no exception in
+    # flight, we'll just pass in None.
+    exc_info = sys.exc_info()
+    if exc_info == (None, None, None):
+        exc_info = None
+    log.debug(msg, exc_info=exc_info, *args)
 
 
 def hash_blob(blob, routine, mlen=None):
     hasher = hashlib.new(routine)
-    hasher.update(blob)
+    hasher.update(encode_text(blob))
     digest = hasher.hexdigest()
     # Don't get to long now
     if mlen is not None:
@@ -1253,7 +1321,7 @@ def rename(src, dest):
     os.rename(src, dest)
 
 
-def ensure_dirs(dirlist, mode=0755):
+def ensure_dirs(dirlist, mode=0o755):
     for d in dirlist:
         ensure_dir(d, mode)
 
@@ -1267,7 +1335,7 @@ def read_write_cmdline_url(target_fn):
             return
         try:
             if key and content:
-                write_file(target_fn, content, mode=0600)
+                write_file(target_fn, content, mode=0o600)
                 LOG.debug(("Wrote to %s with contents of command line"
                           " url %s (len=%s)"), target_fn, url, len(content))
             elif key and not content:
@@ -1283,8 +1351,7 @@ def yaml_dumps(obj, explicit_start=True, explicit_end=True):
                           indent=4,
                           explicit_start=explicit_start,
                           explicit_end=explicit_end,
-                          default_flow_style=False,
-                          allow_unicode=True)
+                          default_flow_style=False)
 
 
 def ensure_dir(path, mode=None):
@@ -1492,7 +1559,7 @@ def append_file(path, content):
     write_file(path, content, omode="ab", mode=None)
 
 
-def ensure_file(path, mode=0644):
+def ensure_file(path, mode=0o644):
     write_file(path, content='', omode="ab", mode=mode)
 
 
@@ -1510,7 +1577,7 @@ def chmod(path, mode):
             os.chmod(path, real_mode)
 
 
-def write_file(filename, content, mode=0644, omode="wb"):
+def write_file(filename, content, mode=0o644, omode="wb"):
     """
     Writes a file with the given content and sets the file mode as specified.
     Resotres the SELinux context if possible.
@@ -1518,11 +1585,17 @@ def write_file(filename, content, mode=0644, omode="wb"):
     @param filename: The full path of the file to write.
     @param content: The content to write to the file.
     @param mode: The filesystem mode to set on the file.
-    @param omode: The open mode used when opening the file (r, rb, a, etc.)
+    @param omode: The open mode used when opening the file (w, wb, a, etc.)
     """
     ensure_dir(os.path.dirname(filename))
-    LOG.debug("Writing to %s - %s: [%s] %s bytes",
-               filename, omode, mode, len(content))
+    if 'b' in omode.lower():
+        content = encode_text(content)
+        write_type = 'bytes'
+    else:
+        content = decode_binary(content)
+        write_type = 'characters'
+    LOG.debug("Writing to %s - %s: [%s] %s %s",
+               filename, omode, mode, len(content), write_type)
     with SeLinuxGuard(path=filename):
         with open(filename, omode) as fh:
             fh.write(content)
@@ -1564,9 +1637,12 @@ def subp(args, data=None, rcs=None, env=None, capture=True, shell=False,
             stdout = subprocess.PIPE
             stderr = subprocess.PIPE
         stdin = subprocess.PIPE
-        sp = subprocess.Popen(args, stdout=stdout,
-                        stderr=stderr, stdin=stdin,
+        kws = dict(stdout=stdout, stderr=stderr, stdin=stdin,
                    env=env, shell=shell)
+        if six.PY3:
+            # Use this so subprocess output will be (Python 3) str, not bytes.
+            kws['universal_newlines'] = True
+        sp = subprocess.Popen(args, **kws)
         (out, err) = sp.communicate(data)
     except OSError as e:
         raise ProcessExecutionError(cmd=args, reason=e)
@@ -1611,10 +1687,10 @@ def shellify(cmdlist, add_header=True):
         if isinstance(args, list):
             fixed = []
             for f in args:
-                fixed.append("'%s'" % (str(f).replace("'", escaped)))
+                fixed.append("'%s'" % (six.text_type(f).replace("'", escaped)))
             content = "%s%s\n" % (content, ' '.join(fixed))
             cmds_made += 1
-        elif isinstance(args, (str, basestring)):
+        elif isinstance(args, six.string_types):
             content = "%s%s\n" % (content, args)
             cmds_made += 1
         else:
@@ -1725,7 +1801,7 @@ def expand_package_list(version_fmt, pkgs):
 
     pkglist = []
     for pkg in pkgs:
-        if isinstance(pkg, basestring):
+        if isinstance(pkg, six.string_types):
             pkglist.append(pkg)
             continue
 
@@ -2021,23 +2097,23 @@ def _read_dmi_syspath(key):
     Reads dmi data with from /sys/class/dmi/id
     """
 
-    dmi_key = "{}/{}".format(DMI_SYS_PATH, key)
-    LOG.debug("querying dmi data {}".format(dmi_key))
+    dmi_key = "{0}/{1}".format(DMI_SYS_PATH, key)
+    LOG.debug("querying dmi data {0}".format(dmi_key))
     try:
         if not os.path.exists(dmi_key):
-            LOG.debug("did not find {}".format(dmi_key))
+            LOG.debug("did not find {0}".format(dmi_key))
             return None
 
         key_data = load_file(dmi_key)
         if not key_data:
-            LOG.debug("{} did not return any data".format(key))
+            LOG.debug("{0} did not return any data".format(key))
             return None
 
-        LOG.debug("dmi data {} returned {}".format(dmi_key, key_data))
+        LOG.debug("dmi data {0} returned {0}".format(dmi_key, key_data))
         return key_data.strip()
 
     except Exception as e:
-        logexc(LOG, "failed read of {}".format(dmi_key), e)
+        logexc(LOG, "failed read of {0}".format(dmi_key), e)
         return None
 
 
@@ -2049,10 +2125,10 @@ def _call_dmidecode(key, dmidecode_path):
     try:
         cmd = [dmidecode_path, "--string", key]
         (result, _err) = subp(cmd)
-        LOG.debug("dmidecode returned '{}' for '{}'".format(result, key))
+        LOG.debug("dmidecode returned '{0}' for '{0}'".format(result, key))
         return result
-    except OSError, _err:
-        LOG.debug('failed dmidecode cmd: {}\n{}'.format(cmd, _err.message))
+    except OSError as _err:
+        LOG.debug('failed dmidecode cmd: {0}\n{0}'.format(cmd, _err.message))
         return None
 
 
@@ -2068,7 +2144,7 @@ def read_dmi_data(key):
     if dmidecode_path:
         return _call_dmidecode(key, dmidecode_path)
 
-    LOG.warn("did not find either path {} or dmidecode command".format(
+    LOG.warn("did not find either path {0} or dmidecode command".format(
              DMI_SYS_PATH))
 
     return None

packages/bddeb

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-#!/usr/bin/python
+#!/usr/bin/env python3
 
 import os
 import shutil
@@ -27,22 +27,35 @@ import argparse
 # Package names that will showup in requires to what we can actually
 # use in our debian 'control' file, this is a translation of the 'requires'
 # file pypi package name to a debian/ubuntu package name.
-PKG_MP = {
-    'argparse': 'python-argparse',
-    'cheetah': 'python-cheetah',
-    'configobj': 'python-configobj',
-    'jinja2': 'python-jinja2',
-    'jsonpatch': 'python-jsonpatch | python-json-patch',
-    'oauth': 'python-oauth',
-    'prettytable': 'python-prettytable',
-    'pyserial': 'python-serial',
-    'pyyaml': 'python-yaml',
-    'requests': 'python-requests',
+STD_NAMED_PACKAGES = [
+    'configobj',
+    'jinja2',
+    'jsonpatch',
+    'oauthlib',
+    'prettytable',
+    'requests',
+    'six',
+    'httpretty',
+    'mock',
+    'nose',
+    'setuptools',
+]
+NONSTD_NAMED_PACKAGES = {
+    'argparse': ('python-argparse', None),
+    'contextlib2': ('python-contextlib2', None),
+    'cheetah': ('python-cheetah', None),
+    'pyserial': ('python-serial', 'python3-serial'),
+    'pyyaml': ('python-yaml', 'python3-yaml'),
+    'six': ('python-six', 'python3-six'),
+    'pep8': ('pep8', 'python3-pep8'),
+    'pyflakes': ('pyflakes', 'pyflakes'),
 }
+
 DEBUILD_ARGS = ["-S", "-d"]
 
 
-def write_debian_folder(root, version, revno, append_requires=[]):
+def write_debian_folder(root, version, revno, pkgmap,
+                        pyver="3", append_requires=[]):
     deb_dir = util.abs_join(root, 'debian')
     os.makedirs(deb_dir)
 
@@ -58,25 +71,42 @@ def write_debian_folder(root, version, revno, append_requires=[]):
     # Write out the control file template
     cmd = [util.abs_join(find_root(), 'tools', 'read-dependencies')]
     (stdout, _stderr) = util.subp(cmd)
-    pkgs = [p.lower().strip() for p in stdout.splitlines()]
+    pypi_pkgs = [p.lower().strip() for p in stdout.splitlines()]
+
+    (stdout, _stderr) = util.subp(cmd + ['test-requirements.txt'])
+    pypi_test_pkgs = [p.lower().strip() for p in stdout.splitlines()]
 
     # Map to known packages
     requires = append_requires
-    for p in pkgs:
-        tgt_pkg = PKG_MP.get(p)
-        if not tgt_pkg:
-            raise RuntimeError(("Do not know how to translate pypi dependency"
-                                " %r to a known package") % (p))
+    test_requires = []
+    lists = ((pypi_pkgs, requires), (pypi_test_pkgs, test_requires))
+    for pypilist, target in lists:
+        for p in pypilist:
+            if p not in pkgmap:
+                raise RuntimeError(("Do not know how to translate pypi "
+                                    "dependency %r to a known package") % (p))
+            elif pkgmap[p]:
+                target.append(pkgmap[p])
+
+    if pyver == "3":
+        python = "python3"
     else:
-            requires.append(tgt_pkg)
+        python = "python"
 
     templater.render_to_file(util.abs_join(find_root(),
                                            'packages', 'debian', 'control.in'),
                              util.abs_join(deb_dir, 'control'),
-                             params={'requires': requires})
+                             params={'requires': ','.join(requires),
+                                     'test_requires': ','.join(test_requires),
+                                     'python': python})
+
+    templater.render_to_file(util.abs_join(find_root(),
+                                           'packages', 'debian', 'rules.in'),
+                             util.abs_join(deb_dir, 'rules'),
+                             params={'python': python, 'pyver': pyver})
 
     # Just copy the following directly
-    for base_fn in ['dirs', 'copyright', 'compat', 'rules']:
+    for base_fn in ['dirs', 'copyright', 'compat']:
         shutil.copy(util.abs_join(find_root(),
                                   'packages', 'debian', base_fn),
                     util.abs_join(deb_dir, base_fn))
@@ -90,12 +120,16 @@ def main():
                               " (default: %(default)s)"),
                         default=False,
                         action='store_true')
-    parser.add_argument("--no-cloud-utils", dest="no_cloud_utils",
-                        help=("don't depend on cloud-utils package"
+    parser.add_argument("--cloud-utils", dest="cloud_utils",
+                        help=("depend on cloud-utils package"
                               " (default: %(default)s)"),
                         default=False,
                         action='store_true')
 
+    parser.add_argument("--python2", dest="python2",
+                        help=("build debs for python2 rather than python3"),
+                        default=False, action='store_true')
+
     parser.add_argument("--init-system", dest="init_system",
                         help=("build deb with INIT_SYSTEM=xxx"
                               " (default: %(default)s"),
@@ -122,6 +156,18 @@ def main():
     if args.verbose:
         capture = False
 
+    pkgmap = {}
+    for p in NONSTD_NAMED_PACKAGES:
+        pkgmap[p] = NONSTD_NAMED_PACKAGES[p][int(not args.python2)]
+
+    for p in STD_NAMED_PACKAGES:
+        if args.python2:
+            pkgmap[p] = "python-" + p
+            pyver = "2"
+        else:
+            pkgmap[p] = "python3-" + p
+            pyver = "3"
+
     with util.tempdir() as tdir:
 
         cmd = [util.abs_join(find_root(), 'tools', 'read-version')]
@@ -152,11 +198,12 @@ def main():
         shutil.move(extracted_name, xdir)
 
         print("Creating a debian/ folder in %r" % (xdir))
-        if not args.no_cloud_utils:
+        if args.cloud_utils:
             append_requires=['cloud-utils | cloud-guest-utils']
         else:
             append_requires=[]
-        write_debian_folder(xdir, version, revno, append_requires)
+        write_debian_folder(xdir, version, revno, pkgmap,
+                            pyver=pyver, append_requires=append_requires)
 
         # The naming here seems to follow some debian standard
         # so it will whine if it is changed...

packages/brpm

@@ -45,6 +45,7 @@ PKG_MP = {
         'pyserial': 'pyserial',
         'pyyaml': 'PyYAML',
         'requests': 'python-requests',
+        'six': 'python-six',
     },
     'suse': {
         'argparse': 'python-argparse',
@@ -56,6 +57,7 @@ PKG_MP = {
         'pyserial': 'python-pyserial',
         'pyyaml': 'python-yaml',
         'requests': 'python-requests',
+        'six': 'python-six',
     }
 }
 

packages/debian/changelog.in

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-## This is a cheetah template
+## template:basic
 cloud-init (${version}~bzr${revision}-1) UNRELEASED; urgency=low
 
   * build

packages/debian/control.in

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-## This is a cheetah template
+## template:basic
 Source: cloud-init
 Section: admin
 Priority: optional
@@ -6,31 +6,22 @@ Maintainer: Scott Moser <smoser@ubuntu.com>
 Build-Depends: debhelper (>= 9),
                dh-python,
                dh-systemd,
-               python (>= 2.6.6-3~),
-               python-nose,
                pyflakes,
-               python-setuptools,
-               python-selinux,
-               python-cheetah,
-               python-mocker,
-               python-httpretty,
-#for $r in $requires
-               ${r},
-#end for
+               ${python},
+               ${test_requires},
+               ${requires}
 XS-Python-Version: all
-Standards-Version: 3.9.3
+Standards-Version: 3.9.6
 
 Package: cloud-init
 Architecture: all
 Depends: procps,
-         python,
-#for $r in $requires
-         ${r},
-#end for
-         python-software-properties | software-properties-common,
-         \${misc:Depends},
+         ${python},
+         ${requires},
+         software-properties-common,
+         ${misc:Depends},
 Recommends: sudo
-XB-Python-Version: \${python:Versions}
+XB-Python-Version: ${python:Versions}
 Description: Init scripts for cloud instances
  Cloud instances need special scripts to run during initialisation
  to retrieve and install ssh keys and to let the user run various scripts.

packages/debian/copyright

@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ Source: https://launchpad.net/cloud-init
 
 This package was debianized by Soren Hansen <soren@ubuntu.com> on
 Thu, 04 Sep 2008 12:49:15 +0200 as ec2-init.  It was later renamed to
-cloud-utils by Scott Moser <scott.moser@canonical.com>
+cloud-init by Scott Moser <scott.moser@canonical.com>
 
 Upstream Author: Scott Moser <smoser@canonical.com>
     Soren Hansen <soren@canonical.com>

packages/debian/rules.in

@@ -1,10 +1,12 @@
+## template:basic
 #!/usr/bin/make -f
 
 INIT_SYSTEM ?= upstart,systemd
+PYVER ?= python${pyver}
 export PYBUILD_INSTALL_ARGS=--init-system=$(INIT_SYSTEM)
 
 %:
-	dh $@ --with python2,systemd --buildsystem pybuild
+	dh $@ --with $(PYVER),systemd --buildsystem pybuild
 
 override_dh_install:
 	dh_install
@@ -12,6 +14,6 @@ override_dh_install:
 	cp tools/21-cloudinit.conf debian/cloud-init/etc/rsyslog.d/21-cloudinit.conf
 
 override_dh_auto_test:
-	# Becuase setup tools didn't copy data...
-	cp -r tests/data .pybuild/pythonX.Y_2.7/build/tests
+	# Because setup tools didn't copy data...
+	[ ! -d .pybuild/pythonX.Y_?.?/build/tests ] || cp -r tests/data .pybuild/pythonX.Y_?.?/build/tests
 	http_proxy= dh_auto_test -- --test-nose

requirements.txt

@@ -1,7 +1,6 @@
 # Pypi requirements for cloud-init to work
 
 # Used for untemplating any files or strings with parameters.
-cheetah
 jinja2
 
 # This is used for any pretty printing of tabular data.
@@ -9,7 +8,7 @@ PrettyTable
 
 # This one is currently only used by the MAAS datasource. If that
 # datasource is removed, this is no longer needed
-oauth
+oauthlib
 
 # This one is currently used only by the CloudSigma and SmartOS datasources.
 # If these datasources are removed, this is no longer needed
@@ -32,3 +31,6 @@ requests
 
 # For patching pieces of cloud-config together
 jsonpatch
+
+# For Python 2/3 compatibility
+six

setup.py

@@ -45,7 +45,8 @@ def tiny_p(cmd, capture=True):
         stdout = None
         stderr = None
     sp = subprocess.Popen(cmd, stdout=stdout,
-                    stderr=stderr, stdin=None)
+                    stderr=stderr, stdin=None,
+                    universal_newlines=True)
     (out, err) = sp.communicate()
     ret = sp.returncode
     if ret not in [0]:
@@ -144,9 +145,9 @@ class InitsysInstallData(install):
             raise DistutilsArgError(
                 "Invalid --init-system: %s" % (','.join(bad)))
 
-        for sys in self.init_system:
+        for system in self.init_system:
             self.distribution.data_files.append(
-                (INITSYS_ROOTS[sys], INITSYS_FILES[sys]))
+                (INITSYS_ROOTS[system], INITSYS_FILES[system]))
         # Force that command to reinitalize (with new file list)
         self.distribution.reinitialize_command('install_data', True)
 
@@ -174,6 +175,11 @@ else:
     }
 
 
+requirements = read_requires()
+if sys.version_info < (3,):
+    requirements.append('cheetah')
+
+
 setuptools.setup(name='cloud-init',
       version=get_version(),
       description='EC2 initialisation magic',
@@ -186,6 +192,6 @@ setuptools.setup(name='cloud-init',
                ],
       license='GPLv3',
       data_files=data_files,
-      install_requires=read_requires(),
+      install_requires=requirements,
       cmdclass=cmdclass,
       )

templates/resolv.conf.tmpl

@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ sortlist {% for sort in sortlist %}{{sort}} {% endfor %}
 {% if options or flags %}
 
 options {% for flag in flags %}{{flag}} {% endfor %}
-{% for key, value in options.iteritems() -%}
+{% for key, value in options.items() -%}
  {{key}}:{{value}}
 {% endfor %}
 {% endif %}

test-requirements.txt

@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 httpretty>=0.7.1
 mock
-mocker
 nose
 pep8==1.5.7
 pyflakes
+contextlib2
+setuptools

tests/unittests/helpers.py

@@ -1,17 +1,25 @@
+from __future__ import print_function
+
 import os
 import sys
+import shutil
+import tempfile
 import unittest
 
-from contextlib import contextmanager
+import six
 
-from mocker import Mocker
-from mocker import MockerTestCase
+try:
+    from unittest import mock
+except ImportError:
+    import mock
+try:
+    from contextlib import ExitStack
+except ImportError:
+    from contextlib2 import ExitStack
 
 from cloudinit import helpers as ch
 from cloudinit import util
 
-import shutil
-
 # Used for detecting different python versions
 PY2 = False
 PY26 = False
@@ -33,8 +41,20 @@ else:
         PY3 = True
 
 if PY26:
-    # For now add these on, taken from python 2.7 + slightly adjusted
+    # For now add these on, taken from python 2.7 + slightly adjusted.  Drop
+    # all this once Python 2.6 is dropped as a minimum requirement.
     class TestCase(unittest.TestCase):
+        def setUp(self):
+            super(TestCase, self).setUp()
+            self.__all_cleanups = ExitStack()
+
+        def tearDown(self):
+            self.__all_cleanups.close()
+            unittest.TestCase.tearDown(self)
+
+        def addCleanup(self, function, *args, **kws):
+            self.__all_cleanups.callback(function, *args, **kws)
+
         def assertIs(self, expr1, expr2, msg=None):
             if expr1 is not expr2:
                 standardMsg = '%r is not %r' % (expr1, expr2)
@@ -57,10 +77,17 @@ if PY26:
                 standardMsg = standardMsg % (value)
                 self.fail(self._formatMessage(msg, standardMsg))
 
+        def assertIsInstance(self, obj, cls, msg=None):
+            """Same as self.assertTrue(isinstance(obj, cls)), with a nicer
+            default message."""
+            if not isinstance(obj, cls):
+                standardMsg = '%s is not an instance of %r' % (repr(obj), cls)
+                self.fail(self._formatMessage(msg, standardMsg))
+
         def assertDictContainsSubset(self, expected, actual, msg=None):
             missing = []
             mismatched = []
-            for k, v in expected.iteritems():
+            for k, v in expected.items():
                 if k not in actual:
                     missing.append(k)
                 elif actual[k] != v:
@@ -86,17 +113,6 @@ else:
         pass
 
 
-@contextmanager
-def mocker(verify_calls=True):
-    m = Mocker()
-    try:
-        yield m
-    finally:
-        m.restore()
-        if verify_calls:
-            m.verify()
-
-
 # Makes the old path start
 # with new base instead of whatever
 # it previously had
@@ -121,14 +137,19 @@ def retarget_many_wrapper(new_base, am, old_func):
             nam = len(n_args)
         for i in range(0, nam):
             path = args[i]
+            # patchOS() wraps various os and os.path functions, however in
+            # Python 3 some of these now accept file-descriptors (integers).
+            # That breaks rebase_path() so in lieu of a better solution, just
+            # don't rebase if we get a fd.
+            if isinstance(path, six.string_types):
                 n_args[i] = rebase_path(path, new_base)
         return old_func(*n_args, **kwds)
     return wrapper
 
 
-class ResourceUsingTestCase(MockerTestCase):
-    def __init__(self, methodName="runTest"):
-        MockerTestCase.__init__(self, methodName)
+class ResourceUsingTestCase(TestCase):
+    def setUp(self):
+        super(ResourceUsingTestCase, self).setUp()
         self.resource_path = None
 
     def resourceLocation(self, subname=None):
@@ -156,17 +177,23 @@ class ResourceUsingTestCase(MockerTestCase):
             return fh.read()
 
     def getCloudPaths(self):
+        tmpdir = tempfile.mkdtemp()
+        self.addCleanup(shutil.rmtree, tmpdir)
         cp = ch.Paths({
-            'cloud_dir': self.makeDir(),
+            'cloud_dir': tmpdir,
             'templates_dir': self.resourceLocation(),
         })
         return cp
 
 
 class FilesystemMockingTestCase(ResourceUsingTestCase):
-    def __init__(self, methodName="runTest"):
-        ResourceUsingTestCase.__init__(self, methodName)
-        self.patched_funcs = []
+    def setUp(self):
+        super(FilesystemMockingTestCase, self).setUp()
+        self.patched_funcs = ExitStack()
+
+    def tearDown(self):
+        self.patched_funcs.close()
+        ResourceUsingTestCase.tearDown(self)
 
     def replicateTestRoot(self, example_root, target_root):
         real_root = self.resourceLocation()
@@ -180,15 +207,6 @@ class FilesystemMockingTestCase(ResourceUsingTestCase):
                 make_path = util.abs_join(make_path, f)
                 shutil.copy(real_path, make_path)
 
-    def tearDown(self):
-        self.restore()
-        ResourceUsingTestCase.tearDown(self)
-
-    def restore(self):
-        for (mod, f, func) in self.patched_funcs:
-            setattr(mod, f, func)
-        self.patched_funcs = []
-
     def patchUtils(self, new_root):
         patch_funcs = {
             util: [('write_file', 1),
@@ -205,8 +223,8 @@ class FilesystemMockingTestCase(ResourceUsingTestCase):
             for (f, am) in funcs:
                 func = getattr(mod, f)
                 trap_func = retarget_many_wrapper(new_root, am, func)
-                setattr(mod, f, trap_func)
-                self.patched_funcs.append((mod, f, func))
+                self.patched_funcs.enter_context(
+                    mock.patch.object(mod, f, trap_func))
 
         # Handle subprocess calls
         func = getattr(util, 'subp')
@@ -214,16 +232,15 @@ class FilesystemMockingTestCase(ResourceUsingTestCase):
         def nsubp(*_args, **_kwargs):
             return ('', '')
 
-        setattr(util, 'subp', nsubp)
-        self.patched_funcs.append((util, 'subp', func))
+        self.patched_funcs.enter_context(
+            mock.patch.object(util, 'subp', nsubp))
 
         def null_func(*_args, **_kwargs):
             return None
 
         for f in ['chownbyid', 'chownbyname']:
-            func = getattr(util, f)
-            setattr(util, f, null_func)
-            self.patched_funcs.append((util, f, func))
+            self.patched_funcs.enter_context(
+                mock.patch.object(util, f, null_func))
 
     def patchOS(self, new_root):
         patch_funcs = {
@@ -234,8 +251,8 @@ class FilesystemMockingTestCase(ResourceUsingTestCase):
             for f in funcs:
                 func = getattr(mod, f)
                 trap_func = retarget_many_wrapper(new_root, 1, func)
-                setattr(mod, f, trap_func)
-                self.patched_funcs.append((mod, f, func))
+                self.patched_funcs.enter_context(
+                    mock.patch.object(mod, f, trap_func))
 
 
 class HttprettyTestCase(TestCase):
@@ -256,7 +273,21 @@ class HttprettyTestCase(TestCase):
 def populate_dir(path, files):
     if not os.path.exists(path):
         os.makedirs(path)
-    for (name, content) in files.iteritems():
+    for (name, content) in files.items():
         with open(os.path.join(path, name), "w") as fp:
             fp.write(content)
             fp.close()
+
+try:
+    skipIf = unittest.skipIf
+except AttributeError:
+    # Python 2.6.  Doesn't have to be high fidelity.
+    def skipIf(condition, reason):
+        def decorator(func):
+            def wrapper(*args, **kws):
+                if condition:
+                    return func(*args, **kws)
+                else:
+                    print(reason, file=sys.stderr)
+            return wrapper
+        return decorator

tests/unittests/test__init__.py

@@ -1,14 +1,25 @@
 import os
+import shutil
+import tempfile
+import unittest
 
-from mocker import MockerTestCase, ARGS, KWARGS
+try:
+    from unittest import mock
+except ImportError:
+    import mock
+try:
+    from contextlib import ExitStack
+except ImportError:
+    from contextlib2 import ExitStack
 
 from cloudinit import handlers
 from cloudinit import helpers
-from cloudinit import importer
 from cloudinit import settings
 from cloudinit import url_helper
 from cloudinit import util
 
+from .helpers import TestCase
+
 
 class FakeModule(handlers.Handler):
     def __init__(self):
@@ -22,76 +33,73 @@ class FakeModule(handlers.Handler):
         pass
 
 
-class TestWalkerHandleHandler(MockerTestCase):
+class TestWalkerHandleHandler(TestCase):
 
     def setUp(self):
-
-        MockerTestCase.setUp(self)
+        super(TestWalkerHandleHandler, self).setUp()
+        tmpdir = tempfile.mkdtemp()
+        self.addCleanup(shutil.rmtree, tmpdir)
 
         self.data = {
             "handlercount": 0,
             "frequency": "",
-            "handlerdir": self.makeDir(),
+            "handlerdir": tmpdir,
             "handlers": helpers.ContentHandlers(),
             "data": None}
 
         self.expected_module_name = "part-handler-%03d" % (
             self.data["handlercount"],)
         expected_file_name = "%s.py" % self.expected_module_name
-        expected_file_fullname = os.path.join(self.data["handlerdir"],
-                                              expected_file_name)
+        self.expected_file_fullname = os.path.join(
+            self.data["handlerdir"], expected_file_name)
         self.module_fake = FakeModule()
         self.ctype = None
         self.filename = None
         self.payload = "dummy payload"
 
-        # Mock the write_file function
-        write_file_mock = self.mocker.replace(util.write_file,
-                                              passthrough=False)
-        write_file_mock(expected_file_fullname, self.payload, 0600)
+        # Mock the write_file() function.  We'll assert that it got called as
+        # expected in each of the individual tests.
+        resources = ExitStack()
+        self.addCleanup(resources.close)
+        self.write_file_mock = resources.enter_context(
+            mock.patch('cloudinit.util.write_file'))
 
     def test_no_errors(self):
         """Payload gets written to file and added to C{pdata}."""
-        import_mock = self.mocker.replace(importer.import_module,
-                                          passthrough=False)
-        import_mock(self.expected_module_name)
-        self.mocker.result(self.module_fake)
-        self.mocker.replay()
-
-        handlers.walker_handle_handler(self.data, self.ctype, self.filename,
-                                       self.payload)
-
-        self.assertEqual(1, self.data["handlercount"])
+        with mock.patch('cloudinit.importer.import_module',
+                        return_value=self.module_fake) as mockobj:
+            handlers.walker_handle_handler(self.data, self.ctype,
+                                           self.filename, self.payload)
+            mockobj.assert_called_with_once(self.expected_module_name)
+        self.write_file_mock.assert_called_with_once(
+            self.expected_file_fullname, self.payload, 0o600)
+        self.assertEqual(self.data['handlercount'], 1)
 
     def test_import_error(self):
         """Module import errors are logged. No handler added to C{pdata}."""
-        import_mock = self.mocker.replace(importer.import_module,
-                                          passthrough=False)
-        import_mock(self.expected_module_name)
-        self.mocker.throw(ImportError())
-        self.mocker.replay()
-
-        handlers.walker_handle_handler(self.data, self.ctype, self.filename,
-                                       self.payload)
-
-        self.assertEqual(0, self.data["handlercount"])
+        with mock.patch('cloudinit.importer.import_module',
+                        side_effect=ImportError) as mockobj:
+            handlers.walker_handle_handler(self.data, self.ctype,
+                                           self.filename, self.payload)
+            mockobj.assert_called_with_once(self.expected_module_name)
+        self.write_file_mock.assert_called_with_once(
+            self.expected_file_fullname, self.payload, 0o600)
+        self.assertEqual(self.data['handlercount'], 0)
 
     def test_attribute_error(self):
         """Attribute errors are logged. No handler added to C{pdata}."""
-        import_mock = self.mocker.replace(importer.import_module,
-                                          passthrough=False)
-        import_mock(self.expected_module_name)
-        self.mocker.result(self.module_fake)
-        self.mocker.throw(AttributeError())
-        self.mocker.replay()
-
-        handlers.walker_handle_handler(self.data, self.ctype, self.filename,
-                                       self.payload)
-
-        self.assertEqual(0, self.data["handlercount"])
+        with mock.patch('cloudinit.importer.import_module',
+                        side_effect=AttributeError,
+                        return_value=self.module_fake) as mockobj:
+            handlers.walker_handle_handler(self.data, self.ctype,
+                                           self.filename, self.payload)
+            mockobj.assert_called_with_once(self.expected_module_name)
+        self.write_file_mock.assert_called_with_once(
+            self.expected_file_fullname, self.payload, 0o600)
+        self.assertEqual(self.data['handlercount'], 0)
 
 
-class TestHandlerHandlePart(MockerTestCase):
+class TestHandlerHandlePart(unittest.TestCase):
 
     def setUp(self):
         self.data = "fake data"
@@ -108,95 +116,80 @@ class TestHandlerHandlePart(MockerTestCase):
         C{handle_part} is called without C{frequency} for
         C{handler_version} == 1.
         """
-        mod_mock = self.mocker.mock()
-        getattr(mod_mock, "frequency")
-        self.mocker.result(settings.PER_INSTANCE)
-        getattr(mod_mock, "handler_version")
-        self.mocker.result(1)
-        mod_mock.handle_part(self.data, self.ctype, self.filename,
-                             self.payload)
-        self.mocker.replay()
-
-        handlers.run_part(mod_mock, self.data, self.filename,
-                          self.payload, self.frequency, self.headers)
+        mod_mock = mock.Mock(frequency=settings.PER_INSTANCE,
+                             handler_version=1)
+        handlers.run_part(mod_mock, self.data, self.filename, self.payload,
+                          self.frequency, self.headers)
+        # Assert that the handle_part() method of the mock object got
+        # called with the expected arguments.
+        mod_mock.handle_part.assert_called_with_once(
+            self.data, self.ctype, self.filename, self.payload)
 
     def test_normal_version_2(self):
         """
         C{handle_part} is called with C{frequency} for
         C{handler_version} == 2.
         """
-        mod_mock = self.mocker.mock()
-        getattr(mod_mock, "frequency")
-        self.mocker.result(settings.PER_INSTANCE)
-        getattr(mod_mock, "handler_version")
-        self.mocker.result(2)
-        mod_mock.handle_part(self.data, self.ctype, self.filename,
-                             self.payload, self.frequency)
-        self.mocker.replay()
-
-        handlers.run_part(mod_mock, self.data, self.filename,
-                          self.payload, self.frequency, self.headers)
+        mod_mock = mock.Mock(frequency=settings.PER_INSTANCE,
+                             handler_version=2)
+        handlers.run_part(mod_mock, self.data, self.filename, self.payload,
+                          self.frequency, self.headers)
+        # Assert that the handle_part() method of the mock object got
+        # called with the expected arguments.
+        mod_mock.handle_part.assert_called_with_once(
+            self.data, self.ctype, self.filename, self.payload)
 
     def test_modfreq_per_always(self):
         """
         C{handle_part} is called regardless of frequency if nofreq is always.
         """
         self.frequency = "once"
-        mod_mock = self.mocker.mock()
-        getattr(mod_mock, "frequency")
-        self.mocker.result(settings.PER_ALWAYS)
-        getattr(mod_mock, "handler_version")
-        self.mocker.result(1)
-        mod_mock.handle_part(self.data, self.ctype, self.filename,
-                             self.payload)
-        self.mocker.replay()
-
-        handlers.run_part(mod_mock, self.data, self.filename,
-                          self.payload, self.frequency, self.headers)
+        mod_mock = mock.Mock(frequency=settings.PER_ALWAYS,
+                             handler_version=1)
+        handlers.run_part(mod_mock, self.data, self.filename, self.payload,
+                          self.frequency, self.headers)
+        # Assert that the handle_part() method of the mock object got
+        # called with the expected arguments.
+        mod_mock.handle_part.assert_called_with_once(
+            self.data, self.ctype, self.filename, self.payload)
 
     def test_no_handle_when_modfreq_once(self):
         """C{handle_part} is not called if frequency is once."""
         self.frequency = "once"
-        mod_mock = self.mocker.mock()
-        getattr(mod_mock, "frequency")
-        self.mocker.result(settings.PER_ONCE)
-        self.mocker.replay()
-
-        handlers.run_part(mod_mock, self.data, self.filename,
-                          self.payload, self.frequency, self.headers)
+        mod_mock = mock.Mock(frequency=settings.PER_ONCE)
+        handlers.run_part(mod_mock, self.data, self.filename, self.payload,
+                          self.frequency, self.headers)
+        # Assert that the handle_part() method of the mock object got
+        # called with the expected arguments.
+        mod_mock.handle_part.assert_called_with_once(
+            self.data, self.ctype, self.filename, self.payload)
 
     def test_exception_is_caught(self):
         """Exceptions within C{handle_part} are caught and logged."""
-        mod_mock = self.mocker.mock()
-        getattr(mod_mock, "frequency")
-        self.mocker.result(settings.PER_INSTANCE)
-        getattr(mod_mock, "handler_version")
-        self.mocker.result(1)
-        mod_mock.handle_part(self.data, self.ctype, self.filename,
-                             self.payload)
-        self.mocker.throw(Exception())
-        self.mocker.replay()
-
-        handlers.run_part(mod_mock, self.data, self.filename,
-                          self.payload, self.frequency, self.headers)
+        mod_mock = mock.Mock(frequency=settings.PER_INSTANCE,
+                             handler_version=1)
+        handlers.run_part(mod_mock, self.data, self.filename, self.payload,
+                          self.frequency, self.headers)
+        mod_mock.handle_part.side_effect = Exception
+        handlers.run_part(mod_mock, self.data, self.filename, self.payload,
+                          self.frequency, self.headers)
+        mod_mock.handle_part.assert_called_with_once(
+            self.data, self.ctype, self.filename, self.payload)
 
 
-class TestCmdlineUrl(MockerTestCase):
+class TestCmdlineUrl(unittest.TestCase):
     def test_invalid_content(self):
         url = "http://example.com/foo"
         key = "mykey"
         payload = "0"
         cmdline = "ro %s=%s bar=1" % (key, url)
 
-        mock_readurl = self.mocker.replace(url_helper.readurl,
-                                           passthrough=False)
-        mock_readurl(url, ARGS, KWARGS)
-        self.mocker.result(url_helper.StringResponse(payload))
-        self.mocker.replay()
-
-        self.assertEqual((key, url, None),
+        with mock.patch('cloudinit.url_helper.readurl',
+                        return_value=url_helper.StringResponse(payload)):
+            self.assertEqual(
                 util.get_cmdline_url(names=[key], starts="xxxxxx",
-                                 cmdline=cmdline))
+                                     cmdline=cmdline),
+                (key, url, None))
 
     def test_valid_content(self):
         url = "http://example.com/foo"
@@ -204,27 +197,24 @@ class TestCmdlineUrl(MockerTestCase):
         payload = "xcloud-config\nmydata: foo\nbar: wark\n"
         cmdline = "ro %s=%s bar=1" % (key, url)
 
-        mock_readurl = self.mocker.replace(url_helper.readurl,
-                                           passthrough=False)
-        mock_readurl(url, ARGS, KWARGS)
-        self.mocker.result(url_helper.StringResponse(payload))
-        self.mocker.replay()
-
-        self.assertEqual((key, url, payload),
+        with mock.patch('cloudinit.url_helper.readurl',
+                        return_value=url_helper.StringResponse(payload)):
+            self.assertEqual(
                 util.get_cmdline_url(names=[key], starts="xcloud-config",
-                            cmdline=cmdline))
+                                     cmdline=cmdline),
+                (key, url, payload))
 
     def test_no_key_found(self):
         url = "http://example.com/foo"
         key = "mykey"
         cmdline = "ro %s=%s bar=1" % (key, url)
 
-        self.mocker.replace(url_helper.readurl, passthrough=False)
-        self.mocker.result(url_helper.StringResponse(""))
-        self.mocker.replay()
-
-        self.assertEqual((None, None, None),
+        with mock.patch('cloudinit.url_helper.readurl',
+                        return_value=url_helper.StringResponse('')):
+            self.assertEqual(
                 util.get_cmdline_url(names=["does-not-appear"],
-                starts="#cloud-config", cmdline=cmdline))
+                                     starts="#cloud-config", cmdline=cmdline),
+                (None, None, None))
+
 
 # vi: ts=4 expandtab

tests/unittests/test_builtin_handlers.py

@@ -1,6 +1,13 @@
 """Tests of the built-in user data handlers."""
 
 import os
+import shutil
+import tempfile
+
+try:
+    from unittest import mock
+except ImportError:
+    import mock
 
 from . import helpers as test_helpers
 
@@ -14,10 +21,11 @@ from cloudinit.settings import (PER_ALWAYS, PER_INSTANCE)
 
 
 class TestBuiltins(test_helpers.FilesystemMockingTestCase):
-
     def test_upstart_frequency_no_out(self):
-        c_root = self.makeDir()
-        up_root = self.makeDir()
+        c_root = tempfile.mkdtemp()
+        self.addCleanup(shutil.rmtree, c_root)
+        up_root = tempfile.mkdtemp()
+        self.addCleanup(shutil.rmtree, up_root)
         paths = helpers.Paths({
             'cloud_dir': c_root,
             'upstart_dir': up_root,
@@ -36,7 +44,8 @@ class TestBuiltins(test_helpers.FilesystemMockingTestCase):
 
     def test_upstart_frequency_single(self):
         # files should be written out when frequency is ! per-instance
-        new_root = self.makeDir()
+        new_root = tempfile.mkdtemp()
+        self.addCleanup(shutil.rmtree, new_root)
         freq = PER_INSTANCE
 
         self.patchOS(new_root)
@@ -49,10 +58,7 @@ class TestBuiltins(test_helpers.FilesystemMockingTestCase):
         util.ensure_dir("/run")
         util.ensure_dir("/etc/upstart")
 
-        mock_subp = self.mocker.replace(util.subp, passthrough=False)
-        mock_subp(["initctl", "reload-configuration"], capture=False)
-        self.mocker.replay()
-
+        with mock.patch.object(util, 'subp') as mockobj:
             h = upstart_job.UpstartJobPartHandler(paths)
             h.handle_part('', handlers.CONTENT_START,
                           None, None, None)
@@ -61,4 +67,7 @@ class TestBuiltins(test_helpers.FilesystemMockingTestCase):
             h.handle_part('', handlers.CONTENT_END,
                           None, None, None)
 
-        self.assertEquals(1, len(os.listdir('/etc/upstart')))
+            self.assertEquals(len(os.listdir('/etc/upstart')), 1)
+
+        mockobj.assert_called_once_with(
+            ['initctl', 'reload-configuration'], capture=False)

tests/unittests/test_cs_util.py

@@ -1,7 +1,21 @@
-from mocker import MockerTestCase
+from __future__ import print_function
+
+import sys
+import unittest
 
 from cloudinit.cs_utils import Cepko
 
+try:
+    skip = unittest.skip
+except AttributeError:
+    # Python 2.6.  Doesn't have to be high fidelity.
+    def skip(reason):
+        def decorator(func):
+            def wrapper(*args, **kws):
+                print(reason, file=sys.stderr)
+            return wrapper
+        return decorator
+
 
 SERVER_CONTEXT = {
     "cpu": 1000,
@@ -26,16 +40,21 @@ class CepkoMock(Cepko):
         return SERVER_CONTEXT['tags']
 
 
-class CepkoResultTests(MockerTestCase):
+# 2015-01-22 BAW: This test is completely useless because it only ever tests
+# the CepkoMock object.  Even in its original form, I don't think it ever
+# touched the underlying Cepko class methods.
+@skip('This test is completely useless')
+class CepkoResultTests(unittest.TestCase):
     def setUp(self):
-        self.mocked = self.mocker.replace("cloudinit.cs_utils.Cepko",
-                            spec=CepkoMock,
-                            count=False,
-                            passthrough=False)
-        self.mocked()
-        self.mocker.result(CepkoMock())
-        self.mocker.replay()
-        self.c = Cepko()
+        pass
+        # self.mocked = self.mocker.replace("cloudinit.cs_utils.Cepko",
+        #                     spec=CepkoMock,
+        #                     count=False,
+        #                     passthrough=False)
+        # self.mocked()
+        # self.mocker.result(CepkoMock())
+        # self.mocker.replay()
+        # self.c = Cepko()
 
     def test_getitem(self):
         result = self.c.all()

tests/unittests/test_data.py

@@ -1,10 +1,17 @@
 """Tests for handling of userdata within cloud init."""
 
-import StringIO
-
 import gzip
 import logging
 import os
+import shutil
+import tempfile
+
+try:
+    from unittest import mock
+except ImportError:
+    import mock
+
+from six import BytesIO, StringIO
 
 from email.mime.application import MIMEApplication
 from email.mime.base import MIMEBase
@@ -37,23 +44,22 @@ class FakeDataSource(sources.DataSource):
 class TestConsumeUserData(helpers.FilesystemMockingTestCase):
 
     def setUp(self):
-        helpers.FilesystemMockingTestCase.setUp(self)
+        super(TestConsumeUserData, self).setUp()
         self._log = None
         self._log_file = None
         self._log_handler = None
 
     def tearDown(self):
-        helpers.FilesystemMockingTestCase.tearDown(self)
         if self._log_handler and self._log:
             self._log.removeHandler(self._log_handler)
+        helpers.FilesystemMockingTestCase.tearDown(self)
 
     def _patchIn(self, root):
-        self.restore()
         self.patchOS(root)
         self.patchUtils(root)
 
     def capture_log(self, lvl=logging.DEBUG):
-        log_file = StringIO.StringIO()
+        log_file = StringIO()
         self._log_handler = logging.StreamHandler(log_file)
         self._log_handler.setLevel(lvl)
         self._log = log.getLogger()
@@ -71,7 +77,8 @@ class TestConsumeUserData(helpers.FilesystemMockingTestCase):
 
         ci = stages.Init()
         ci.datasource = FakeDataSource(blob)
-        new_root = self.makeDir()
+        new_root = tempfile.mkdtemp()
+        self.addCleanup(shutil.rmtree, new_root)
         self.patchUtils(new_root)
         self.patchOS(new_root)
         ci.fetch()
@@ -99,7 +106,8 @@ class TestConsumeUserData(helpers.FilesystemMockingTestCase):
      { "op": "add", "path": "/foo", "value": "quxC" }
 ]
 '''
-        new_root = self.makeDir()
+        new_root = tempfile.mkdtemp()
+        self.addCleanup(shutil.rmtree, new_root)
         self._patchIn(new_root)
         initer = stages.Init()
         initer.datasource = FakeDataSource(user_blob, vendordata=vendor_blob)
@@ -138,7 +146,8 @@ class TestConsumeUserData(helpers.FilesystemMockingTestCase):
      { "op": "add", "path": "/foo", "value": "quxC" }
 ]
 '''
-        new_root = self.makeDir()
+        new_root = tempfile.mkdtemp()
+        self.addCleanup(shutil.rmtree, new_root)
         self._patchIn(new_root)
         initer = stages.Init()
         initer.datasource = FakeDataSource(user_blob, vendordata=vendor_blob)
@@ -184,7 +193,8 @@ c: d
 
         ci = stages.Init()
         ci.datasource = FakeDataSource(str(message))
-        new_root = self.makeDir()
+        new_root = tempfile.mkdtemp()
+        self.addCleanup(shutil.rmtree, new_root)
         self.patchUtils(new_root)
         self.patchOS(new_root)
         ci.fetch()
@@ -214,7 +224,8 @@ name: user
 run:
  - z
 '''
-        new_root = self.makeDir()
+        new_root = tempfile.mkdtemp()
+        self.addCleanup(shutil.rmtree, new_root)
         self._patchIn(new_root)
         initer = stages.Init()
         initer.datasource = FakeDataSource(user_blob, vendordata=vendor_blob)
@@ -249,7 +260,8 @@ vendor_data:
   enabled: True
   prefix: /bin/true
 '''
-        new_root = self.makeDir()
+        new_root = tempfile.mkdtemp()
+        self.addCleanup(shutil.rmtree, new_root)
         self._patchIn(new_root)
         initer = stages.Init()
         initer.datasource = FakeDataSource(user_blob, vendordata=vendor_blob)
@@ -309,7 +321,8 @@ p: 1
         paths = c_helpers.Paths({}, ds=FakeDataSource(''))
         cloud_cfg = handlers.cloud_config.CloudConfigPartHandler(paths)
 
-        new_root = self.makeDir()
+        new_root = tempfile.mkdtemp()
+        self.addCleanup(shutil.rmtree, new_root)
         self.patchUtils(new_root)
         self.patchOS(new_root)
         cloud_cfg.handle_part(None, handlers.CONTENT_START, None, None, None,
@@ -335,11 +348,7 @@ p: 1
         data = "arbitrary text\n"
         ci.datasource = FakeDataSource(data)
 
-        mock_write = self.mocker.replace("cloudinit.util.write_file",
-                                         passthrough=False)
-        mock_write(ci.paths.get_ipath("cloud_config"), "", 0600)
-        self.mocker.replay()
-
+        with mock.patch('cloudinit.util.write_file') as mockobj:
             log_file = self.capture_log(logging.WARNING)
             ci.fetch()
             ci.consume_data()
@@ -347,13 +356,16 @@ p: 1
                 "Unhandled non-multipart (text/x-not-multipart) userdata:",
                 log_file.getvalue())
 
+        mockobj.assert_called_once_with(
+            ci.paths.get_ipath("cloud_config"), "", 0o600)
+
     def test_mime_gzip_compressed(self):
         """Tests that individual message gzip encoding works."""
 
         def gzip_part(text):
-            contents = StringIO.StringIO()
-            f = gzip.GzipFile(fileobj=contents, mode='w')
-            f.write(str(text))
+            contents = BytesIO()
+            f = gzip.GzipFile(fileobj=contents, mode='wb')
+            f.write(util.encode_text(text))
             f.flush()
             f.close()
             return MIMEApplication(contents.getvalue(), 'gzip')
@@ -374,7 +386,8 @@ c: 4
         message.attach(gzip_part(base_content2))
         ci = stages.Init()
         ci.datasource = FakeDataSource(str(message))
-        new_root = self.makeDir()
+        new_root = tempfile.mkdtemp()
+        self.addCleanup(shutil.rmtree, new_root)
         self.patchUtils(new_root)
         self.patchOS(new_root)
         ci.fetch()
@@ -394,17 +407,15 @@ c: 4
         message.set_payload("Just text")
         ci.datasource = FakeDataSource(message.as_string())
 
-        mock_write = self.mocker.replace("cloudinit.util.write_file",
-                                         passthrough=False)
-        mock_write(ci.paths.get_ipath("cloud_config"), "", 0600)
-        self.mocker.replay()
-
+        with mock.patch('cloudinit.util.write_file') as mockobj:
             log_file = self.capture_log(logging.WARNING)
             ci.fetch()
             ci.consume_data()
             self.assertIn(
                 "Unhandled unknown content-type (text/plain)",
                 log_file.getvalue())
+        mockobj.assert_called_once_with(
+            ci.paths.get_ipath("cloud_config"), "", 0o600)
 
     def test_shellscript(self):
         """Raw text starting #!/bin/sh is treated as script."""
@@ -413,17 +424,18 @@ c: 4
         ci.datasource = FakeDataSource(script)
 
         outpath = os.path.join(ci.paths.get_ipath_cur("scripts"), "part-001")
-        mock_write = self.mocker.replace("cloudinit.util.write_file",
-                                         passthrough=False)
-        mock_write(ci.paths.get_ipath("cloud_config"), "", 0600)
-        mock_write(outpath, script, 0700)
-        self.mocker.replay()
 
+        with mock.patch('cloudinit.util.write_file') as mockobj:
             log_file = self.capture_log(logging.WARNING)
             ci.fetch()
             ci.consume_data()
             self.assertEqual("", log_file.getvalue())
 
+        mockobj.assert_has_calls([
+            mock.call(outpath, script, 0o700),
+            mock.call(ci.paths.get_ipath("cloud_config"), "", 0o600),
+            ])
+
     def test_mime_text_x_shellscript(self):
         """Mime message of type text/x-shellscript is treated as script."""
         ci = stages.Init()
@@ -433,17 +445,18 @@ c: 4
         ci.datasource = FakeDataSource(message.as_string())
 
         outpath = os.path.join(ci.paths.get_ipath_cur("scripts"), "part-001")
-        mock_write = self.mocker.replace("cloudinit.util.write_file",
-                                         passthrough=False)
-        mock_write(ci.paths.get_ipath("cloud_config"), "", 0600)
-        mock_write(outpath, script, 0700)
-        self.mocker.replay()
 
+        with mock.patch('cloudinit.util.write_file') as mockobj:
             log_file = self.capture_log(logging.WARNING)
             ci.fetch()
             ci.consume_data()
             self.assertEqual("", log_file.getvalue())
 
+        mockobj.assert_has_calls([
+            mock.call(outpath, script, 0o700),
+            mock.call(ci.paths.get_ipath("cloud_config"), "", 0o600),
+            ])
+
     def test_mime_text_plain_shell(self):
         """Mime type text/plain starting #!/bin/sh is treated as script."""
         ci = stages.Init()
@@ -453,13 +466,14 @@ c: 4
         ci.datasource = FakeDataSource(message.as_string())
 
         outpath = os.path.join(ci.paths.get_ipath_cur("scripts"), "part-001")
-        mock_write = self.mocker.replace("cloudinit.util.write_file",
-                                         passthrough=False)
-        mock_write(outpath, script, 0700)
-        mock_write(ci.paths.get_ipath("cloud_config"), "", 0600)
-        self.mocker.replay()
 
+        with mock.patch('cloudinit.util.write_file') as mockobj:
             log_file = self.capture_log(logging.WARNING)
             ci.fetch()
             ci.consume_data()
             self.assertEqual("", log_file.getvalue())
+
+        mockobj.assert_has_calls([
+            mock.call(outpath, script, 0o700),
+            mock.call(ci.paths.get_ipath("cloud_config"), "", 0o600),
+            ])

tests/unittests/test_datasource/test_altcloud.py

@@ -46,7 +46,7 @@ def _write_cloud_info_file(value):
     cifile = open(cloudinit.sources.DataSourceAltCloud.CLOUD_INFO_FILE, 'w')
     cifile.write(value)
     cifile.close()
-    os.chmod(cloudinit.sources.DataSourceAltCloud.CLOUD_INFO_FILE, 0664)
+    os.chmod(cloudinit.sources.DataSourceAltCloud.CLOUD_INFO_FILE, 0o664)
 
 
 def _remove_cloud_info_file():
@@ -67,12 +67,12 @@ def _write_user_data_files(mount_dir, value):
     udfile = open(deltacloud_user_data_file, 'w')
     udfile.write(value)
     udfile.close()
-    os.chmod(deltacloud_user_data_file, 0664)
+    os.chmod(deltacloud_user_data_file, 0o664)
 
     udfile = open(user_data_file, 'w')
     udfile.write(value)
     udfile.close()
-    os.chmod(user_data_file, 0664)
+    os.chmod(user_data_file, 0o664)
 
 
 def _remove_user_data_files(mount_dir,

tests/unittests/test_datasource/test_azure.py

@@ -1,14 +1,24 @@
 from cloudinit import helpers
-from cloudinit.util import load_file
+from cloudinit.util import b64e, load_file
 from cloudinit.sources import DataSourceAzure
-from ..helpers import populate_dir
+from ..helpers import TestCase, populate_dir
+
+try:
+    from unittest import mock
+except ImportError:
+    import mock
+try:
+    from contextlib import ExitStack
+except ImportError:
+    from contextlib2 import ExitStack
 
-import base64
 import crypt
-from mocker import MockerTestCase
 import os
 import stat
 import yaml
+import shutil
+import tempfile
+import unittest
 
 
 def construct_valid_ovf_env(data=None, pubkeys=None, userdata=None):
@@ -40,7 +50,7 @@ def construct_valid_ovf_env(data=None, pubkeys=None, userdata=None):
         content += "<%s%s>%s</%s>\n" % (key, attrs, val, key)
 
     if userdata:
-        content += "<UserData>%s</UserData>\n" % (base64.b64encode(userdata))
+        content += "<UserData>%s</UserData>\n" % (b64e(userdata))
 
     if pubkeys:
         content += "<SSH><PublicKeys>\n"
@@ -66,26 +76,25 @@ def construct_valid_ovf_env(data=None, pubkeys=None, userdata=None):
     return content
 
 
-class TestAzureDataSource(MockerTestCase):
+class TestAzureDataSource(TestCase):
 
     def setUp(self):
-        # makeDir comes from MockerTestCase
-        self.tmp = self.makeDir()
+        super(TestAzureDataSource, self).setUp()
+        self.tmp = tempfile.mkdtemp()
+        self.addCleanup(shutil.rmtree, self.tmp)
 
         # patch cloud_dir, so our 'seed_dir' is guaranteed empty
         self.paths = helpers.Paths({'cloud_dir': self.tmp})
         self.waagent_d = os.path.join(self.tmp, 'var', 'lib', 'waagent')
 
-        self.unapply = []
+        self.patches = ExitStack()
+        self.addCleanup(self.patches.close)
+
         super(TestAzureDataSource, self).setUp()
 
-    def tearDown(self):
-        apply_patches([i for i in reversed(self.unapply)])
-        super(TestAzureDataSource, self).tearDown()
-
     def apply_patches(self, patches):
-        ret = apply_patches(patches)
-        self.unapply += ret
+        for module, name, new in patches:
+            self.patches.enter_context(mock.patch.object(module, name, new))
 
     def _get_ds(self, data):
 
@@ -117,16 +126,14 @@ class TestAzureDataSource(MockerTestCase):
         mod = DataSourceAzure
         mod.BUILTIN_DS_CONFIG['data_dir'] = self.waagent_d
 
-        self.apply_patches([(mod, 'list_possible_azure_ds_devs', dsdevs)])
-
-        self.apply_patches([(mod, 'invoke_agent', _invoke_agent),
+        self.apply_patches([
+            (mod, 'list_possible_azure_ds_devs', dsdevs),
+            (mod, 'invoke_agent', _invoke_agent),
             (mod, 'wait_for_files', _wait_for_files),
-                            (mod, 'pubkeys_from_crt_files',
-                             _pubkeys_from_crt_files),
-                            (mod, 'iid_from_shared_config',
-                             _iid_from_shared_config),
-                            (mod, 'apply_hostname_bounce',
-                             _apply_hostname_bounce), ])
+            (mod, 'pubkeys_from_crt_files', _pubkeys_from_crt_files),
+            (mod, 'iid_from_shared_config', _iid_from_shared_config),
+            (mod, 'apply_hostname_bounce', _apply_hostname_bounce),
+            ])
 
         dsrc = mod.DataSourceAzureNet(
             data.get('sys_cfg', {}), distro=None, paths=self.paths)
@@ -153,7 +160,7 @@ class TestAzureDataSource(MockerTestCase):
         ret = dsrc.get_data()
         self.assertTrue(ret)
         self.assertTrue(os.path.isdir(self.waagent_d))
-        self.assertEqual(stat.S_IMODE(os.stat(self.waagent_d).st_mode), 0700)
+        self.assertEqual(stat.S_IMODE(os.stat(self.waagent_d).st_mode), 0o700)
 
     def test_user_cfg_set_agent_command_plain(self):
         # set dscfg in via plaintext
@@ -174,7 +181,7 @@ class TestAzureDataSource(MockerTestCase):
         # set dscfg in via base64 encoded yaml
         cfg = {'agent_command': "my_command"}
         odata = {'HostName': "myhost", 'UserName': "myuser",
-                'dscfg': {'text': base64.b64encode(yaml.dump(cfg)),
+                'dscfg': {'text': b64e(yaml.dump(cfg)),
                           'encoding': 'base64'}}
         data = {'ovfcontent': construct_valid_ovf_env(data=odata)}
 
@@ -226,13 +233,13 @@ class TestAzureDataSource(MockerTestCase):
 
     def test_userdata_found(self):
         mydata = "FOOBAR"
-        odata = {'UserData': base64.b64encode(mydata)}
+        odata = {'UserData': b64e(mydata)}
         data = {'ovfcontent': construct_valid_ovf_env(data=odata)}
 
         dsrc = self._get_ds(data)
         ret = dsrc.get_data()
         self.assertTrue(ret)
-        self.assertEqual(dsrc.userdata_raw, mydata)
+        self.assertEqual(dsrc.userdata_raw, mydata.encode('utf-8'))
 
     def test_no_datasource_expected(self):
         # no source should be found if no seed_dir and no devs
@@ -274,7 +281,7 @@ class TestAzureDataSource(MockerTestCase):
                                    'command': 'my-bounce-command',
                                    'hostname_command': 'my-hostname-command'}}
         odata = {'HostName': "xhost",
-                'dscfg': {'text': base64.b64encode(yaml.dump(cfg)),
+                'dscfg': {'text': b64e(yaml.dump(cfg)),
                           'encoding': 'base64'}}
         data = {'ovfcontent': construct_valid_ovf_env(data=odata)}
         self._get_ds(data).get_data()
@@ -289,7 +296,7 @@ class TestAzureDataSource(MockerTestCase):
         # config specifying set_hostname off should not bounce
         cfg = {'set_hostname': False}
         odata = {'HostName': "xhost",
-                'dscfg': {'text': base64.b64encode(yaml.dump(cfg)),
+                'dscfg': {'text': b64e(yaml.dump(cfg)),
                           'encoding': 'base64'}}
         data = {'ovfcontent': construct_valid_ovf_env(data=odata)}
         self._get_ds(data).get_data()
@@ -318,7 +325,7 @@ class TestAzureDataSource(MockerTestCase):
         # Make sure that user can affect disk aliases
         dscfg = {'disk_aliases': {'ephemeral0': '/dev/sdc'}}
         odata = {'HostName': "myhost", 'UserName': "myuser",
-                'dscfg': {'text': base64.b64encode(yaml.dump(dscfg)),
+                'dscfg': {'text': b64e(yaml.dump(dscfg)),
                           'encoding': 'base64'}}
         usercfg = {'disk_setup': {'/dev/sdc': {'something': '...'},
                                   'ephemeral0': False}}
@@ -340,7 +347,7 @@ class TestAzureDataSource(MockerTestCase):
         dsrc = self._get_ds(data)
         dsrc.get_data()
 
-        self.assertEqual(userdata, dsrc.userdata_raw)
+        self.assertEqual(userdata.encode('us-ascii'), dsrc.userdata_raw)
 
     def test_ovf_env_arrives_in_waagent_dir(self):
         xml = construct_valid_ovf_env(data={}, userdata="FOODATA")
@@ -355,7 +362,7 @@ class TestAzureDataSource(MockerTestCase):
 
     def test_existing_ovf_same(self):
         # waagent/SharedConfig left alone if found ovf-env.xml same as cached
-        odata = {'UserData': base64.b64encode("SOMEUSERDATA")}
+        odata = {'UserData': b64e("SOMEUSERDATA")}
         data = {'ovfcontent': construct_valid_ovf_env(data=odata)}
 
         populate_dir(self.waagent_d,
@@ -379,9 +386,9 @@ class TestAzureDataSource(MockerTestCase):
         # 'get_data' should remove SharedConfig.xml in /var/lib/waagent
         # if ovf-env.xml differs.
         cached_ovfenv = construct_valid_ovf_env(
-            {'userdata': base64.b64encode("FOO_USERDATA")})
+            {'userdata': b64e("FOO_USERDATA")})
         new_ovfenv = construct_valid_ovf_env(
-            {'userdata': base64.b64encode("NEW_USERDATA")})
+            {'userdata': b64e("NEW_USERDATA")})
 
         populate_dir(self.waagent_d,
             {'ovf-env.xml': cached_ovfenv,
@@ -391,7 +398,7 @@ class TestAzureDataSource(MockerTestCase):
         dsrc = self._get_ds({'ovfcontent': new_ovfenv})
         ret = dsrc.get_data()
         self.assertTrue(ret)
-        self.assertEqual(dsrc.userdata_raw, "NEW_USERDATA")
+        self.assertEqual(dsrc.userdata_raw, b"NEW_USERDATA")
         self.assertTrue(os.path.exists(
             os.path.join(self.waagent_d, 'otherfile')))
         self.assertFalse(
@@ -402,7 +409,7 @@ class TestAzureDataSource(MockerTestCase):
             load_file(os.path.join(self.waagent_d, 'ovf-env.xml')))
 
 
-class TestReadAzureOvf(MockerTestCase):
+class TestReadAzureOvf(TestCase):
     def test_invalid_xml_raises_non_azure_ds(self):
         invalid_xml = "<foo>" + construct_valid_ovf_env(data={})
         self.assertRaises(DataSourceAzure.BrokenAzureDataSource,
@@ -417,7 +424,7 @@ class TestReadAzureOvf(MockerTestCase):
             self.assertIn(mypk, cfg['_pubkeys'])
 
 
-class TestReadAzureSharedConfig(MockerTestCase):
+class TestReadAzureSharedConfig(unittest.TestCase):
     def test_valid_content(self):
         xml = """<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
             <SharedConfig>
@@ -429,14 +436,3 @@ class TestReadAzureSharedConfig(MockerTestCase):
             </SharedConfig>"""
         ret = DataSourceAzure.iid_from_shared_config_content(xml)
         self.assertEqual("MY_INSTANCE_ID", ret)
-
-
-def apply_patches(patches):
-    ret = []
-    for (ref, name, replace) in patches:
-        if replace is None:
-            continue
-        orig = getattr(ref, name)
-        setattr(ref, name, replace)
-        ret.append((ref, name, orig))
-    return ret

tests/unittests/test_datasource/test_cloudsigma.py

@@ -39,6 +39,7 @@ class CepkoMock(Cepko):
 
 class DataSourceCloudSigmaTest(test_helpers.TestCase):
     def setUp(self):
+        super(DataSourceCloudSigmaTest, self).setUp()
         self.datasource = DataSourceCloudSigma.DataSourceCloudSigma("", "", "")
         self.datasource.is_running_in_cloudsigma = lambda: True
         self.datasource.cepko = CepkoMock(SERVER_CONTEXT)

tests/unittests/test_datasource/test_configdrive.py

@@ -1,10 +1,17 @@
 from copy import copy
 import json
 import os
-import os.path
+import shutil
+import tempfile
 
-import mocker
-from mocker import MockerTestCase
+try:
+    from unittest import mock
+except ImportError:
+    import mock
+try:
+    from contextlib import ExitStack
+except ImportError:
+    from contextlib2 import ExitStack
 
 from cloudinit import helpers
 from cloudinit import settings
@@ -12,7 +19,8 @@ from cloudinit.sources import DataSourceConfigDrive as ds
 from cloudinit.sources.helpers import openstack
 from cloudinit import util
 
-from .. import helpers as unit_helpers
+from ..helpers import TestCase
+
 
 PUBKEY = u'ssh-rsa AAAAB3NzaC1....sIkJhq8wdX+4I3A4cYbYP ubuntu@server-460\n'
 EC2_META = {
@@ -64,11 +72,12 @@ CFG_DRIVE_FILES_V2 = {
   'openstack/latest/user_data': USER_DATA}
 
 
-class TestConfigDriveDataSource(MockerTestCase):
+class TestConfigDriveDataSource(TestCase):
 
     def setUp(self):
         super(TestConfigDriveDataSource, self).setUp()
-        self.tmp = self.makeDir()
+        self.tmp = tempfile.mkdtemp()
+        self.addCleanup(shutil.rmtree, self.tmp)
 
     def test_ec2_metadata(self):
         populate_dir(self.tmp, CFG_DRIVE_FILES_V2)
@@ -91,23 +100,29 @@ class TestConfigDriveDataSource(MockerTestCase):
             'swap': '/dev/vda3',
         }
         for name, dev_name in name_tests.items():
-            with unit_helpers.mocker() as my_mock:
-                find_mock = my_mock.replace(util.find_devs_with,
-                                            spec=False, passthrough=False)
+            with ExitStack() as mocks:
                 provided_name = dev_name[len('/dev/'):]
                 provided_name = "s" + provided_name[1:]
-                find_mock(mocker.ARGS)
-                my_mock.result([provided_name])
-                exists_mock = my_mock.replace(os.path.exists,
-                                              spec=False, passthrough=False)
-                exists_mock(mocker.ARGS)
-                my_mock.result(False)
-                exists_mock(mocker.ARGS)
-                my_mock.result(True)
-                my_mock.replay()
+                find_mock = mocks.enter_context(
+                    mock.patch.object(util, 'find_devs_with',
+                                      return_value=[provided_name]))
+                # We want os.path.exists() to return False on its first call,
+                # and True on its second call.  We use a handy generator as
+                # the mock side effect for this.  The mocked function returns
+                # what the side effect returns.
+
+                def exists_side_effect():
+                    yield False
+                    yield True
+                exists_mock = mocks.enter_context(
+                    mock.patch.object(os.path, 'exists',
+                                      side_effect=exists_side_effect()))
                 device = cfg_ds.device_name_to_device(name)
                 self.assertEquals(dev_name, device)
 
+                find_mock.assert_called_once_with(mock.ANY)
+                self.assertEqual(exists_mock.call_count, 2)
+
     def test_dev_os_map(self):
         populate_dir(self.tmp, CFG_DRIVE_FILES_V2)
         cfg_ds = ds.DataSourceConfigDrive(settings.CFG_BUILTIN,
@@ -123,19 +138,19 @@ class TestConfigDriveDataSource(MockerTestCase):
             'swap': '/dev/vda3',
         }
         for name, dev_name in name_tests.items():
-            with unit_helpers.mocker() as my_mock:
-                find_mock = my_mock.replace(util.find_devs_with,
-                                            spec=False, passthrough=False)
-                find_mock(mocker.ARGS)
-                my_mock.result([dev_name])
-                exists_mock = my_mock.replace(os.path.exists,
-                                              spec=False, passthrough=False)
-                exists_mock(mocker.ARGS)
-                my_mock.result(True)
-                my_mock.replay()
+            with ExitStack() as mocks:
+                find_mock = mocks.enter_context(
+                    mock.patch.object(util, 'find_devs_with',
+                                      return_value=[dev_name]))
+                exists_mock = mocks.enter_context(
+                    mock.patch.object(os.path, 'exists',
+                                      return_value=True))
                 device = cfg_ds.device_name_to_device(name)
                 self.assertEquals(dev_name, device)
 
+                find_mock.assert_called_once_with(mock.ANY)
+                exists_mock.assert_called_once_with(mock.ANY)
+
     def test_dev_ec2_remap(self):
         populate_dir(self.tmp, CFG_DRIVE_FILES_V2)
         cfg_ds = ds.DataSourceConfigDrive(settings.CFG_BUILTIN,
@@ -156,16 +171,21 @@ class TestConfigDriveDataSource(MockerTestCase):
             'root2k': None,
         }
         for name, dev_name in name_tests.items():
-            with unit_helpers.mocker(verify_calls=False) as my_mock:
-                exists_mock = my_mock.replace(os.path.exists,
-                                              spec=False, passthrough=False)
-                exists_mock(mocker.ARGS)
-                my_mock.result(False)
-                exists_mock(mocker.ARGS)
-                my_mock.result(True)
-                my_mock.replay()
+            # We want os.path.exists() to return False on its first call,
+            # and True on its second call.  We use a handy generator as
+            # the mock side effect for this.  The mocked function returns
+            # what the side effect returns.
+            def exists_side_effect():
+                yield False
+                yield True
+            with mock.patch.object(os.path, 'exists',
+                                   side_effect=exists_side_effect()):
                 device = cfg_ds.device_name_to_device(name)
                 self.assertEquals(dev_name, device)
+                # We don't assert the call count for os.path.exists() because
+                # not all of the entries in name_tests results in two calls to
+                # that function.  Specifically, 'root2k' doesn't seem to call
+                # it at all.
 
     def test_dev_ec2_map(self):
         populate_dir(self.tmp, CFG_DRIVE_FILES_V2)
@@ -173,12 +193,6 @@ class TestConfigDriveDataSource(MockerTestCase):
                                           None,
                                           helpers.Paths({}))
         found = ds.read_config_drive(self.tmp)
-        exists_mock = self.mocker.replace(os.path.exists,
-                                          spec=False, passthrough=False)
-        exists_mock(mocker.ARGS)
-        self.mocker.count(0, None)
-        self.mocker.result(True)
-        self.mocker.replay()
         ec2_md = found['ec2-metadata']
         os_md = found['metadata']
         cfg_ds.ec2_metadata = ec2_md
@@ -193,6 +207,7 @@ class TestConfigDriveDataSource(MockerTestCase):
             'root2k': None,
         }
         for name, dev_name in name_tests.items():
+            with mock.patch.object(os.path, 'exists', return_value=True):
                 device = cfg_ds.device_name_to_device(name)
                 self.assertEquals(dev_name, device)
 
@@ -326,7 +341,7 @@ def populate_ds_from_read_config(cfg_ds, source, results):
 
 
 def populate_dir(seed_dir, files):
-    for (name, content) in files.iteritems():
+    for (name, content) in files.items():
         path = os.path.join(seed_dir, name)
         dirname = os.path.dirname(path)
         if not os.path.isdir(dirname):

tests/unittests/test_datasource/test_digitalocean.py

@@ -18,8 +18,7 @@
 import httpretty
 import re
 
-from types import ListType
-from urlparse import urlparse
+from six.moves.urllib_parse import urlparse
 
 from cloudinit import settings
 from cloudinit import helpers
@@ -110,7 +109,7 @@ class TestDataSourceDigitalOcean(test_helpers.HttprettyTestCase):
         self.assertEqual([DO_META.get('public-keys')],
                          self.ds.get_public_ssh_keys())
 
-        self.assertIs(type(self.ds.get_public_ssh_keys()), ListType)
+        self.assertIsInstance(self.ds.get_public_ssh_keys(), list)
 
     @httpretty.activate
     def test_multiple_ssh_keys(self):
@@ -124,4 +123,4 @@ class TestDataSourceDigitalOcean(test_helpers.HttprettyTestCase):
         self.assertEqual(DO_META.get('public-keys').splitlines(),
                          self.ds.get_public_ssh_keys())
 
-        self.assertIs(type(self.ds.get_public_ssh_keys()), ListType)
+        self.assertIsInstance(self.ds.get_public_ssh_keys(), list)

tests/unittests/test_datasource/test_gce.py

@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ import httpretty
 import re
 
 from base64 import b64encode, b64decode
-from urlparse import urlparse
+from six.moves.urllib_parse import urlparse
 
 from cloudinit import settings
 from cloudinit import helpers
@@ -45,7 +45,7 @@ GCE_META_ENCODING = {
     'instance/id': '12345',
     'instance/hostname': 'server.project-baz.local',
     'instance/zone': 'baz/bang',
-    'instance/attributes/user-data': b64encode('/bin/echo baz\n'),
+    'instance/attributes/user-data': b64encode(b'/bin/echo baz\n'),
     'instance/attributes/user-data-encoding': 'base64',
 }
 

tests/unittests/test_datasource/test_maas.py

@@ -1,19 +1,25 @@
 from copy import copy
 import os
+import shutil
+import tempfile
 
 from cloudinit.sources import DataSourceMAAS
 from cloudinit import url_helper
-from ..helpers import populate_dir
+from ..helpers import TestCase, populate_dir
 
-import mocker
+try:
+    from unittest import mock
+except ImportError:
+    import mock
 
 
-class TestMAASDataSource(mocker.MockerTestCase):
+class TestMAASDataSource(TestCase):
 
     def setUp(self):
         super(TestMAASDataSource, self).setUp()
         # Make a temp directoy for tests to use.
-        self.tmp = self.makeDir()
+        self.tmp = tempfile.mkdtemp()
+        self.addCleanup(shutil.rmtree, self.tmp)
 
     def test_seed_dir_valid(self):
         """Verify a valid seeddir is read as such."""
@@ -93,10 +99,12 @@ class TestMAASDataSource(mocker.MockerTestCase):
 
     def test_seed_url_valid(self):
         """Verify that valid seed_url is read as such."""
-        valid = {'meta-data/instance-id': 'i-instanceid',
+        valid = {
+            'meta-data/instance-id': 'i-instanceid',
             'meta-data/local-hostname': 'test-hostname',
             'meta-data/public-keys': 'test-hostname',
-            'user-data': 'foodata'}
+            'user-data': 'foodata',
+            }
         valid_order = [
             'meta-data/local-hostname',
             'meta-data/instance-id',
@@ -110,22 +118,30 @@ class TestMAASDataSource(mocker.MockerTestCase):
         def my_headers_cb(url):
             return my_headers
 
-        mock_request = self.mocker.replace(url_helper.readurl,
-            passthrough=False)
+        # Each time url_helper.readurl() is called, something different is
+        # returned based on the canned data above.  We need to build up a list
+        # of side effect return values, which the mock will return.  At the
+        # same time, we'll build up a list of expected call arguments for
+        # asserting after the code under test is run.
+        calls = []
 
+        def side_effect():
             for key in valid_order:
-            url = "%s/%s/%s" % (my_seed, my_ver, key)
-            mock_request(url, headers=None, timeout=mocker.ANY,
-                         data=mocker.ANY, sec_between=mocker.ANY,
-                         ssl_details=mocker.ANY, retries=mocker.ANY,
-                         headers_cb=my_headers_cb,
-                         exception_cb=mocker.ANY)
                 resp = valid.get(key)
-            self.mocker.result(url_helper.StringResponse(resp))
-        self.mocker.replay()
+                url = "%s/%s/%s" % (my_seed, my_ver, key)
+                calls.append(
+                    mock.call(url, headers=None, timeout=mock.ANY,
+                              data=mock.ANY, sec_between=mock.ANY,
+                              ssl_details=mock.ANY, retries=mock.ANY,
+                              headers_cb=my_headers_cb,
+                              exception_cb=mock.ANY))
+                yield url_helper.StringResponse(resp)
 
-        (userdata, metadata) = DataSourceMAAS.read_maas_seed_url(my_seed,
-            header_cb=my_headers_cb, version=my_ver)
+        # Now do the actual call of the code under test.
+        with mock.patch.object(url_helper, 'readurl',
+                               side_effect=side_effect()) as mockobj:
+            userdata, metadata = DataSourceMAAS.read_maas_seed_url(
+                my_seed, header_cb=my_headers_cb, version=my_ver)
 
             self.assertEqual("foodata", userdata)
             self.assertEqual(metadata['instance-id'],
@@ -133,6 +149,8 @@ class TestMAASDataSource(mocker.MockerTestCase):
             self.assertEqual(metadata['local-hostname'],
                              valid['meta-data/local-hostname'])
 
+            mockobj.has_calls(calls)
+
     def test_seed_url_invalid(self):
         """Verify that invalid seed_url raises MAASSeedDirMalformed."""
         pass

tests/unittests/test_datasource/test_nocloud.py

@@ -1,35 +1,39 @@
 from cloudinit import helpers
 from cloudinit.sources import DataSourceNoCloud
 from cloudinit import util
-from ..helpers import populate_dir
+from ..helpers import TestCase, populate_dir
 
-from mocker import MockerTestCase
 import os
 import yaml
+import shutil
+import tempfile
+import unittest
+
+try:
+    from unittest import mock
+except ImportError:
+    import mock
+try:
+    from contextlib import ExitStack
+except ImportError:
+    from contextlib2 import ExitStack
 
 
-class TestNoCloudDataSource(MockerTestCase):
+class TestNoCloudDataSource(TestCase):
 
     def setUp(self):
-        self.tmp = self.makeDir()
+        super(TestNoCloudDataSource, self).setUp()
+        self.tmp = tempfile.mkdtemp()
+        self.addCleanup(shutil.rmtree, self.tmp)
         self.paths = helpers.Paths({'cloud_dir': self.tmp})
 
         self.cmdline = "root=TESTCMDLINE"
 
-        self.unapply = []
-        self.apply_patches([(util, 'get_cmdline', self._getcmdline)])
-        super(TestNoCloudDataSource, self).setUp()
+        self.mocks = ExitStack()
+        self.addCleanup(self.mocks.close)
 
-    def tearDown(self):
-        apply_patches([i for i in reversed(self.unapply)])
-        super(TestNoCloudDataSource, self).tearDown()
-
-    def apply_patches(self, patches):
-        ret = apply_patches(patches)
-        self.unapply += ret
-
-    def _getcmdline(self):
-        return self.cmdline
+        self.mocks.enter_context(
+            mock.patch.object(util, 'get_cmdline', return_value=self.cmdline))
 
     def test_nocloud_seed_dir(self):
         md = {'instance-id': 'IID', 'dsmode': 'local'}
@@ -59,7 +63,9 @@ class TestNoCloudDataSource(MockerTestCase):
         def my_find_devs_with(*args, **kwargs):
             raise PsuedoException
 
-        self.apply_patches([(util, 'find_devs_with', my_find_devs_with)])
+        self.mocks.enter_context(
+            mock.patch.object(util, 'find_devs_with',
+                              side_effect=PsuedoException))
 
         # by default, NoCloud should search for filesystems by label
         sys_cfg = {'datasource': {'NoCloud': {}}}
@@ -85,7 +91,7 @@ class TestNoCloudDataSource(MockerTestCase):
 
         data = {
             'fs_label': None,
-            'meta-data': {'instance-id': 'IID'},
+            'meta-data': yaml.safe_dump({'instance-id': 'IID'}),
             'user-data': "USER_DATA_RAW",
         }
 
@@ -133,7 +139,7 @@ class TestNoCloudDataSource(MockerTestCase):
         self.assertTrue(ret)
 
 
-class TestParseCommandLineData(MockerTestCase):
+class TestParseCommandLineData(unittest.TestCase):
 
     def test_parse_cmdline_data_valid(self):
         ds_id = "ds=nocloud"
@@ -178,15 +184,4 @@ class TestParseCommandLineData(MockerTestCase):
             self.assertFalse(ret)
 
 
-def apply_patches(patches):
-    ret = []
-    for (ref, name, replace) in patches:
-        if replace is None:
-            continue
-        orig = getattr(ref, name)
-        setattr(ref, name, replace)
-        ret.append((ref, name, orig))
-    return ret
-
-
 # vi: ts=4 expandtab

tests/unittests/test_datasource/test_opennebula.py

@@ -1,12 +1,14 @@
 from cloudinit import helpers
 from cloudinit.sources import DataSourceOpenNebula as ds
 from cloudinit import util
-from mocker import MockerTestCase
-from ..helpers import populate_dir
+from ..helpers import TestCase, populate_dir
 
-from base64 import b64encode
 import os
 import pwd
+import shutil
+import tempfile
+import unittest
+
 
 TEST_VARS = {
     'VAR1': 'single',
@@ -37,12 +39,13 @@ CMD_IP_OUT = '''\
 '''
 
 
-class TestOpenNebulaDataSource(MockerTestCase):
+class TestOpenNebulaDataSource(TestCase):
     parsed_user = None
 
     def setUp(self):
         super(TestOpenNebulaDataSource, self).setUp()
-        self.tmp = self.makeDir()
+        self.tmp = tempfile.mkdtemp()
+        self.addCleanup(shutil.rmtree, self.tmp)
         self.paths = helpers.Paths({'cloud_dir': self.tmp})
 
         # defaults for few tests
@@ -176,7 +179,7 @@ class TestOpenNebulaDataSource(MockerTestCase):
             self.assertEqual(USER_DATA, results['userdata'])
 
     def test_user_data_encoding_required_for_decode(self):
-        b64userdata = b64encode(USER_DATA)
+        b64userdata = util.b64e(USER_DATA)
         for k in ('USER_DATA', 'USERDATA'):
             my_d = os.path.join(self.tmp, k)
             populate_context_dir(my_d, {k: b64userdata})
@@ -188,7 +191,7 @@ class TestOpenNebulaDataSource(MockerTestCase):
     def test_user_data_base64_encoding(self):
         for k in ('USER_DATA', 'USERDATA'):
             my_d = os.path.join(self.tmp, k)
-            populate_context_dir(my_d, {k: b64encode(USER_DATA),
+            populate_context_dir(my_d, {k: util.b64e(USER_DATA),
                                         'USERDATA_ENCODING': 'base64'})
             results = ds.read_context_disk_dir(my_d)
 
@@ -228,7 +231,7 @@ class TestOpenNebulaDataSource(MockerTestCase):
             util.find_devs_with = orig_find_devs_with
 
 
-class TestOpenNebulaNetwork(MockerTestCase):
+class TestOpenNebulaNetwork(unittest.TestCase):
 
     def setUp(self):
         super(TestOpenNebulaNetwork, self).setUp()
@@ -280,7 +283,7 @@ iface eth0 inet static
 ''')
 
 
-class TestParseShellConfig(MockerTestCase):
+class TestParseShellConfig(unittest.TestCase):
     def test_no_seconds(self):
         cfg = '\n'.join(["foo=bar", "SECONDS=2", "xx=foo"])
         # we could test 'sleep 2', but that would make the test run slower.
@@ -290,7 +293,7 @@ class TestParseShellConfig(MockerTestCase):
 
 def populate_context_dir(path, variables):
     data = "# Context variables generated by OpenNebula\n"
-    for (k, v) in variables.iteritems():
+    for k, v in variables.items():
         data += ("%s='%s'\n" % (k.upper(), v.replace(r"'", r"'\''")))
     populate_dir(path, {'context.sh': data})
 

tests/unittests/test_datasource/test_openstack.py

@@ -20,12 +20,11 @@ import copy
 import json
 import re
 
-from StringIO import StringIO
-
-from urlparse import urlparse
-
 from .. import helpers as test_helpers
 
+from six import StringIO
+from six.moves.urllib.parse import urlparse
+
 from cloudinit import helpers
 from cloudinit import settings
 from cloudinit.sources import DataSourceOpenStack as ds

tests/unittests/test_datasource/test_smartos.py

@@ -22,16 +22,21 @@
 #   return responses.
 #
 
-import base64
+from __future__ import print_function
+
 from cloudinit import helpers as c_helpers
 from cloudinit.sources import DataSourceSmartOS
+from cloudinit.util import b64e
 from .. import helpers
 import os
 import os.path
 import re
+import shutil
+import tempfile
 import stat
 import uuid
 
+
 MOCK_RETURNS = {
     'hostname': 'test-host',
     'root_authorized_keys': 'ssh-rsa AAAAB3Nz...aC1yc2E= keyname',
@@ -107,11 +112,12 @@ class MockSerial(object):
 
 class TestSmartOSDataSource(helpers.FilesystemMockingTestCase):
     def setUp(self):
-        helpers.FilesystemMockingTestCase.setUp(self)
+        super(TestSmartOSDataSource, self).setUp()
 
-        # makeDir comes from MockerTestCase
-        self.tmp = self.makeDir()
-        self.legacy_user_d = self.makeDir()
+        self.tmp = tempfile.mkdtemp()
+        self.addCleanup(shutil.rmtree, self.tmp)
+        self.legacy_user_d = tempfile.mkdtemp()
+        self.addCleanup(shutil.rmtree, self.legacy_user_d)
 
         # If you should want to watch the logs...
         self._log = None
@@ -227,7 +233,7 @@ class TestSmartOSDataSource(helpers.FilesystemMockingTestCase):
         my_returns = MOCK_RETURNS.copy()
         my_returns['base64_all'] = "true"
         for k in ('hostname', 'cloud-init:user-data'):
-            my_returns[k] = base64.b64encode(my_returns[k])
+            my_returns[k] = b64e(my_returns[k])
 
         dsrc = self._get_ds(mockdata=my_returns)
         ret = dsrc.get_data()
@@ -248,7 +254,7 @@ class TestSmartOSDataSource(helpers.FilesystemMockingTestCase):
         my_returns['b64-cloud-init:user-data'] = "true"
         my_returns['b64-hostname'] = "true"
         for k in ('hostname', 'cloud-init:user-data'):
-            my_returns[k] = base64.b64encode(my_returns[k])
+            my_returns[k] = b64e(my_returns[k])
 
         dsrc = self._get_ds(mockdata=my_returns)
         ret = dsrc.get_data()
@@ -264,7 +270,7 @@ class TestSmartOSDataSource(helpers.FilesystemMockingTestCase):
         my_returns = MOCK_RETURNS.copy()
         my_returns['base64_keys'] = 'hostname,ignored'
         for k in ('hostname',):
-            my_returns[k] = base64.b64encode(my_returns[k])
+            my_returns[k] = b64e(my_returns[k])
 
         dsrc = self._get_ds(mockdata=my_returns)
         ret = dsrc.get_data()
@@ -365,7 +371,7 @@ class TestSmartOSDataSource(helpers.FilesystemMockingTestCase):
                 permissions = oct(os.stat(name_f)[stat.ST_MODE])[-3:]
                 if re.match(r'.*\/mdata-user-data$', name_f):
                     found_new = True
-                    print name_f
+                    print(name_f)
                     self.assertEquals(permissions, '400')
 
         self.assertFalse(found_new)

tests/unittests/test_distros/test_generic.py

@@ -4,6 +4,8 @@ from cloudinit import util
 from .. import helpers
 
 import os
+import shutil
+import tempfile
 
 unknown_arch_info = {
     'arches': ['default'],
@@ -53,7 +55,8 @@ class TestGenericDistro(helpers.FilesystemMockingTestCase):
     def setUp(self):
         super(TestGenericDistro, self).setUp()
         # Make a temp directoy for tests to use.
-        self.tmp = self.makeDir()
+        self.tmp = tempfile.mkdtemp()
+        self.addCleanup(shutil.rmtree, self.tmp)
 
     def _write_load_sudoers(self, _user, rules):
         cls = distros.fetch("ubuntu")
@@ -64,7 +67,6 @@ class TestGenericDistro(helpers.FilesystemMockingTestCase):
         self.patchUtils(self.tmp)
         d.write_sudo_rules("harlowja", rules)
         contents = util.load_file(d.ci_sudoers_fn)
-        self.restore()
         return contents
 
     def _count_in(self, lines_look_for, text_content):

tests/unittests/test_distros/test_hostname.py

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-from mocker import MockerTestCase
+import unittest
 
 from cloudinit.distros.parsers import hostname
 
@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ blahblah
 BASE_HOSTNAME = BASE_HOSTNAME.strip()
 
 
-class TestHostnameHelper(MockerTestCase):
+class TestHostnameHelper(unittest.TestCase):
     def test_parse_same(self):
         hn = hostname.HostnameConf(BASE_HOSTNAME)
         self.assertEquals(str(hn).strip(), BASE_HOSTNAME)

tests/unittests/test_distros/test_hosts.py

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-from mocker import MockerTestCase
+import unittest
 
 from cloudinit.distros.parsers import hosts
 
@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ BASE_ETC = '''
 BASE_ETC = BASE_ETC.strip()
 
 
-class TestHostsHelper(MockerTestCase):
+class TestHostsHelper(unittest.TestCase):
     def test_parse(self):
         eh = hosts.HostsConf(BASE_ETC)
         self.assertEquals(eh.get_entry('127.0.0.1'), [['localhost']])

tests/unittests/test_distros/test_netconfig.py

@@ -1,9 +1,17 @@
-from mocker import MockerTestCase
-
-import mocker
-
 import os
 
+try:
+    from unittest import mock
+except ImportError:
+    import mock
+try:
+    from contextlib import ExitStack
+except ImportError:
+    from contextlib2 import ExitStack
+
+from six import StringIO
+from ..helpers import TestCase
+
 from cloudinit import distros
 from cloudinit import helpers
 from cloudinit import settings
@@ -11,8 +19,6 @@ from cloudinit import util
 
 from cloudinit.distros.parsers.sys_conf import SysConf
 
-from StringIO import StringIO
-
 
 BASE_NET_CFG = '''
 auto lo
@@ -74,7 +80,7 @@ class WriteBuffer(object):
         return self.buffer.getvalue()
 
 
-class TestNetCfgDistro(MockerTestCase):
+class TestNetCfgDistro(TestCase):
 
     def _get_distro(self, dname):
         cls = distros.fetch(dname)
@@ -85,34 +91,28 @@ class TestNetCfgDistro(MockerTestCase):
 
     def test_simple_write_ub(self):
         ub_distro = self._get_distro('ubuntu')
-        util_mock = self.mocker.replace(util.write_file,
-                                        spec=False, passthrough=False)
-        exists_mock = self.mocker.replace(os.path.isfile,
-                                          spec=False, passthrough=False)
-
-        exists_mock(mocker.ARGS)
-        self.mocker.count(0, None)
-        self.mocker.result(False)
-
+        with ExitStack() as mocks:
             write_bufs = {}
 
-        def replace_write(filename, content, mode=0644, omode="wb"):
+            def replace_write(filename, content, mode=0o644, omode="wb"):
                 buf = WriteBuffer()
                 buf.mode = mode
                 buf.omode = omode
                 buf.write(content)
                 write_bufs[filename] = buf
 
-        util_mock(mocker.ARGS)
-        self.mocker.call(replace_write)
-        self.mocker.replay()
+            mocks.enter_context(
+                mock.patch.object(util, 'write_file', replace_write))
+            mocks.enter_context(
+                mock.patch.object(os.path, 'isfile', return_value=False))
+
             ub_distro.apply_network(BASE_NET_CFG, False)
 
             self.assertEquals(len(write_bufs), 1)
             self.assertIn('/etc/network/interfaces', write_bufs)
             write_buf = write_bufs['/etc/network/interfaces']
             self.assertEquals(str(write_buf).strip(), BASE_NET_CFG.strip())
-        self.assertEquals(write_buf.mode, 0644)
+            self.assertEquals(write_buf.mode, 0o644)
 
     def assertCfgEquals(self, blob1, blob2):
         b1 = dict(SysConf(blob1.strip().splitlines()))
@@ -127,51 +127,39 @@ class TestNetCfgDistro(MockerTestCase):
 
     def test_simple_write_rh(self):
         rh_distro = self._get_distro('rhel')
-        write_mock = self.mocker.replace(util.write_file,
-                                         spec=False, passthrough=False)
-        load_mock = self.mocker.replace(util.load_file,
-                                        spec=False, passthrough=False)
-        exists_mock = self.mocker.replace(os.path.isfile,
-                                          spec=False, passthrough=False)
 
         write_bufs = {}
 
-        def replace_write(filename, content, mode=0644, omode="wb"):
+        def replace_write(filename, content, mode=0o644, omode="wb"):
             buf = WriteBuffer()
             buf.mode = mode
             buf.omode = omode
             buf.write(content)
             write_bufs[filename] = buf
 
-        exists_mock(mocker.ARGS)
-        self.mocker.count(0, None)
-        self.mocker.result(False)
+        with ExitStack() as mocks:
+            mocks.enter_context(
+                mock.patch.object(util, 'write_file', replace_write))
+            mocks.enter_context(
+                mock.patch.object(util, 'load_file', return_value=''))
+            mocks.enter_context(
+                mock.patch.object(os.path, 'isfile', return_value=False))
 
-        load_mock(mocker.ARGS)
-        self.mocker.count(0, None)
-        self.mocker.result('')
-
-        for _i in range(0, 3):
-            write_mock(mocker.ARGS)
-            self.mocker.call(replace_write)
-
-        write_mock(mocker.ARGS)
-        self.mocker.call(replace_write)
-
-        self.mocker.replay()
             rh_distro.apply_network(BASE_NET_CFG, False)
 
             self.assertEquals(len(write_bufs), 4)
-        self.assertIn('/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-lo', write_bufs)
+            self.assertIn('/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-lo',
+                          write_bufs)
             write_buf = write_bufs['/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-lo']
             expected_buf = '''
 DEVICE="lo"
 ONBOOT=yes
 '''
             self.assertCfgEquals(expected_buf, str(write_buf))
-        self.assertEquals(write_buf.mode, 0644)
+            self.assertEquals(write_buf.mode, 0o644)
 
-        self.assertIn('/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0', write_bufs)
+            self.assertIn('/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0',
+                          write_bufs)
             write_buf = write_bufs['/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0']
             expected_buf = '''
 DEVICE="eth0"
@@ -183,9 +171,10 @@ GATEWAY="192.168.1.254"
 BROADCAST="192.168.1.0"
 '''
             self.assertCfgEquals(expected_buf, str(write_buf))
-        self.assertEquals(write_buf.mode, 0644)
+            self.assertEquals(write_buf.mode, 0o644)
 
-        self.assertIn('/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth1', write_bufs)
+            self.assertIn('/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth1',
+                          write_bufs)
             write_buf = write_bufs['/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth1']
             expected_buf = '''
 DEVICE="eth1"
@@ -193,7 +182,7 @@ BOOTPROTO="dhcp"
 ONBOOT=yes
 '''
             self.assertCfgEquals(expected_buf, str(write_buf))
-        self.assertEquals(write_buf.mode, 0644)
+            self.assertEquals(write_buf.mode, 0o644)
 
             self.assertIn('/etc/sysconfig/network', write_bufs)
             write_buf = write_bufs['/etc/sysconfig/network']
@@ -202,55 +191,43 @@ ONBOOT=yes
 NETWORKING=yes
 '''
             self.assertCfgEquals(expected_buf, str(write_buf))
-        self.assertEquals(write_buf.mode, 0644)
+            self.assertEquals(write_buf.mode, 0o644)
 
     def test_write_ipv6_rhel(self):
         rh_distro = self._get_distro('rhel')
-        write_mock = self.mocker.replace(util.write_file,
-                                         spec=False, passthrough=False)
-        load_mock = self.mocker.replace(util.load_file,
-                                        spec=False, passthrough=False)
-        exists_mock = self.mocker.replace(os.path.isfile,
-                                          spec=False, passthrough=False)
 
         write_bufs = {}
 
-        def replace_write(filename, content, mode=0644, omode="wb"):
+        def replace_write(filename, content, mode=0o644, omode="wb"):
             buf = WriteBuffer()
             buf.mode = mode
             buf.omode = omode
             buf.write(content)
             write_bufs[filename] = buf
 
-        exists_mock(mocker.ARGS)
-        self.mocker.count(0, None)
-        self.mocker.result(False)
+        with ExitStack() as mocks:
+            mocks.enter_context(
+                mock.patch.object(util, 'write_file', replace_write))
+            mocks.enter_context(
+                mock.patch.object(util, 'load_file', return_value=''))
+            mocks.enter_context(
+                mock.patch.object(os.path, 'isfile', return_value=False))
 
-        load_mock(mocker.ARGS)
-        self.mocker.count(0, None)
-        self.mocker.result('')
-
-        for _i in range(0, 3):
-            write_mock(mocker.ARGS)
-            self.mocker.call(replace_write)
-
-        write_mock(mocker.ARGS)
-        self.mocker.call(replace_write)
-
-        self.mocker.replay()
             rh_distro.apply_network(BASE_NET_CFG_IPV6, False)
 
             self.assertEquals(len(write_bufs), 4)
-        self.assertIn('/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-lo', write_bufs)
+            self.assertIn('/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-lo',
+                          write_bufs)
             write_buf = write_bufs['/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-lo']
             expected_buf = '''
 DEVICE="lo"
 ONBOOT=yes
 '''
             self.assertCfgEquals(expected_buf, str(write_buf))
-        self.assertEquals(write_buf.mode, 0644)
+            self.assertEquals(write_buf.mode, 0o644)
 
-        self.assertIn('/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0', write_bufs)
+            self.assertIn('/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0',
+                          write_bufs)
             write_buf = write_bufs['/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0']
             expected_buf = '''
 DEVICE="eth0"
@@ -265,8 +242,9 @@ IPV6ADDR="2607:f0d0:1002:0011::2"
 IPV6_DEFAULTGW="2607:f0d0:1002:0011::1"
 '''
             self.assertCfgEquals(expected_buf, str(write_buf))
-        self.assertEquals(write_buf.mode, 0644)
-        self.assertIn('/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth1', write_bufs)
+            self.assertEquals(write_buf.mode, 0o644)
+            self.assertIn('/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth1',
+                          write_bufs)
             write_buf = write_bufs['/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth1']
             expected_buf = '''
 DEVICE="eth1"
@@ -281,7 +259,7 @@ IPV6ADDR="2607:f0d0:1002:0011::3"
 IPV6_DEFAULTGW="2607:f0d0:1002:0011::1"
 '''
             self.assertCfgEquals(expected_buf, str(write_buf))
-        self.assertEquals(write_buf.mode, 0644)
+            self.assertEquals(write_buf.mode, 0o644)
 
             self.assertIn('/etc/sysconfig/network', write_bufs)
             write_buf = write_bufs['/etc/sysconfig/network']
@@ -292,26 +270,10 @@ NETWORKING_IPV6=yes
 IPV6_AUTOCONF=no
 '''
             self.assertCfgEquals(expected_buf, str(write_buf))
-        self.assertEquals(write_buf.mode, 0644)
+            self.assertEquals(write_buf.mode, 0o644)
 
     def test_simple_write_freebsd(self):
         fbsd_distro = self._get_distro('freebsd')
-        util_mock = self.mocker.replace(util.write_file,
-                                        spec=False, passthrough=False)
-        exists_mock = self.mocker.replace(os.path.isfile,
-                                          spec=False, passthrough=False)
-        load_mock = self.mocker.replace(util.load_file,
-                                        spec=False, passthrough=False)
-        subp_mock = self.mocker.replace(util.subp,
-                                        spec=False, passthrough=False)
-
-        subp_mock(['ifconfig', '-a'])
-        self.mocker.count(0, None)
-        self.mocker.result(('vtnet0', ''))
-
-        exists_mock(mocker.ARGS)
-        self.mocker.count(0, None)
-        self.mocker.result(False)
 
         write_bufs = {}
         read_bufs = {
@@ -319,7 +281,7 @@ IPV6_AUTOCONF=no
             '/etc/resolv.conf': '',
         }
 
-        def replace_write(filename, content, mode=0644, omode="wb"):
+        def replace_write(filename, content, mode=0o644, omode="wb"):
             buf = WriteBuffer()
             buf.mode = mode
             buf.omode = omode
@@ -336,15 +298,16 @@ IPV6_AUTOCONF=no
                     return str(write_bufs[fname])
                 return read_bufs[fname]
 
-        util_mock(mocker.ARGS)
-        self.mocker.call(replace_write)
-        self.mocker.count(0, None)
+        with ExitStack() as mocks:
+            mocks.enter_context(
+                mock.patch.object(util, 'subp', return_value=('vtnet0', '')))
+            mocks.enter_context(
+                mock.patch.object(os.path, 'exists', return_value=False))
+            mocks.enter_context(
+                mock.patch.object(util, 'write_file', replace_write))
+            mocks.enter_context(
+                mock.patch.object(util, 'load_file', replace_read))
 
-        load_mock(mocker.ARGS)
-        self.mocker.call(replace_read)
-        self.mocker.count(0, None)
-
-        self.mocker.replay()
             fbsd_distro.apply_network(BASE_NET_CFG, False)
 
             self.assertIn('/etc/rc.conf', write_bufs)
@@ -355,4 +318,4 @@ ifconfig_vtnet1="DHCP"
 defaultrouter="192.168.1.254"
 '''
             self.assertCfgEquals(expected_buf, str(write_buf))
-        self.assertEquals(write_buf.mode, 0644)
+            self.assertEquals(write_buf.mode, 0o644)

tests/unittests/test_distros/test_resolv.py

@@ -1,8 +1,7 @@
-from mocker import MockerTestCase
-
 from cloudinit.distros.parsers import resolv_conf
 
 import re
+from ..helpers import TestCase
 
 
 BASE_RESOLVE = '''
@@ -14,7 +13,7 @@ nameserver 10.15.30.92
 BASE_RESOLVE = BASE_RESOLVE.strip()
 
 
-class TestResolvHelper(MockerTestCase):
+class TestResolvHelper(TestCase):
     def test_parse_same(self):
         rp = resolv_conf.ResolvConf(BASE_RESOLVE)
         rp_r = str(rp).strip()

tests/unittests/test_distros/test_sysconfig.py

@@ -1,14 +1,13 @@
-from mocker import MockerTestCase
-
 import re
 
 from cloudinit.distros.parsers.sys_conf import SysConf
+from ..helpers import TestCase
 
 
 # Lots of good examples @
 # http://content.hccfl.edu/pollock/AUnix1/SysconfigFilesDesc.txt
 
-class TestSysConfHelper(MockerTestCase):
+class TestSysConfHelper(TestCase):
     # This function was added in 2.7, make it work for 2.6
     def assertRegMatches(self, text, regexp):
         regexp = re.compile(regexp)