charm-deployment-guide/deploy-guide/source/upgrade-openstack.rst

OpenStack upgrade

This document outlines how to upgrade a Juju-deployed OpenStack cloud.

Warning

Upgrading an OpenStack cloud is not risk-free. The procedures outlined in this guide should first be tested in a pre-production environment.

Please read the following before continuing:

• the Upgrades overview <upgrade-overview> page
• the OpenStack charms Release Notes for the corresponding current and target versions of OpenStack
• the Upgrade issues <upgrade-issues> page

Note

The charms only support single-step OpenStack upgrades (N+1). That is, to upgrade two releases forward you need to upgrade twice. You cannot skip releases when upgrading OpenStack with charms.

It may be worthwhile to read the upstream OpenStack Upgrades guide.

Release Notes

The OpenStack charms Release Notes for the corresponding current and target versions of OpenStack must be consulted for any special instructions. In particular, pay attention to services and/or configuration options that may be retired, deprecated, or changed.

Manual intervention

It is intended that the now upgraded charms are able to accommodate all software changes associated with the corresponding OpenStack services to be upgraded. A new charm will also strive to produce a service as similarly configured to the pre-upgraded service as possible. Nevertheless, there are still times when intervention on the part of the operator may be needed, such as when:

• a service is removed, added, or replaced
• a software bug affecting the OpenStack upgrade is present in the new charm

All known issues requiring manual intervention are documented on the Known upgrade issues <upgrade-issues> page. You must look these over.

Verify the current deployment

Confirm that the output for the juju status command of the current deployment is error-free. In addition, if monitoring is in use (e.g. Nagios), ensure that all alerts have been resolved. This is to make certain that any issues that may appear after the upgrade are not for pre-existing problems.

Perform a database backup

Before making any changes to cloud services perform a backup of the cloud database by running the backup action on any single percona-cluster unit:

juju run-action --wait percona-cluster/0 backup

Now transfer the backup directory to the Juju client with the intention of subsequently storing it somewhere safe. This command will grab all existing backups:

juju scp -- -r percona-cluster/0:/opt/backups/mysql /path/to/local/directory

Permissions may first need to be altered on the remote machine.

Archive old database data

During the upgrade, database migrations will be run. This operation can be optimised by first archiving any stale data (e.g. deleted instances). Do this by running the archive-data action on any single nova-cloud-controller unit:

juju run-action --wait nova-cloud-controller/0 archive-data

This action may need to be run multiple times until the action output reports 'Nothing was archived'.

Purge old compute service entries

Old compute service entries for units which are no longer part of the model should be purged before the upgrade. These entries will show as 'down' (and be hosted on machines no longer in the model) in the current list of compute services:

openstack compute service list

To remove a compute service:

openstack compute service delete <service-id>

Disable unattended-upgrades

When performing a service upgrade on a unit that hosts multiple principle charms (e.g. nova-compute and ceph-osd), ensure that unattended-upgrades is disabled on the underlying machine for the duration of the upgrade process. This is to prevent the other services from being upgraded outside of Juju's control. On a unit run:

sudo dpkg-reconfigure -plow unattended-upgrades

Upgrade order

The charms are put into groups to indicate the order in which their corresponding OpenStack services should be upgraded. The order within a group is unimportant. What matters is that all the charms within the same group are acted on before those in the next group (i.e. upgrade all charms in group 2 before moving on to group 3). Any Release Notes guidance overrides the information listed here. You may also consult the upstream documentation on the subject: Update services.

Each service represented by a charm in the below table will need to be upgraded individually.

Group	Charm Name	Charm Type
1	keystone	Core Identity
1	ceph-mon	Storage
2	ceph-osd	Storage
2	ceph-fs	Storage
2	ceph-radosgw	Storage
2	swift-proxy	Storage
2	swift-storage	Storage
3	aodh	Control Plane
3	barbican	Control Plane
3	ceilometer	Control Plane
3	cinder	Control Plane
3	designate	Control Plane
3	designate-bind	Control Plane
3	glance	Control Plane
3	gnocchi	Control Plane
3	heat	Control Plane
3	manila	Control Plane
3	manila-generic	Control Plane
3	neutron-api	Control Plane
3	neutron-gateway	Control Plane
3	placement	Control Plane
3	nova-cloud-controller	Control Plane
3	openstack-dashboard	Control Plane
4	nova-compute	Compute

Important

OpenStack services whose software is not a part of the Ubuntu Cloud Archive are not represented in the above list. This type of software can only have their major versions changed during a series (Ubuntu) upgrade on the associated unit. Common charms where this applies are ntp, memcached, percona-cluster, and rabbitmq-server.

Perform the upgrade

The essence of a charmed OpenStack service upgrade is a change of the corresponding machine software sources so that a more recent combination of Ubuntu release and OpenStack release is used. This combination is based on the Ubuntu Cloud Archive and translates to a "cloud archive OpenStack release". It takes on the following syntax:

<ubuntu series>-<openstack-release>

For example, the 'bionic-train' UCA release is expressed during configuration as:

cloud:bionic-train

There are three methods available for performing an OpenStack service upgrade. The appropriate method is chosen based on the actions supported by the charm. Actions for a charm can be listed in this way:

juju actions <charm-name>

All-in-one

The "all-in-one" method upgrades an application immediately. Although it is the quickest route, it can be harsh when applied in the context of multi-unit applications. This is because all the units are upgraded simultaneously, and is likely to cause a transient service outage. This method must be used if the application has a sole unit.

Attention

The "all-in-one" method should only be used when the charm does not support the openstack-upgrade action.

The syntax is:

juju config <openstack-charm> openstack-origin=cloud:<cloud-archive-release>

Charms whose services are not technically part of the OpenStack project will use the source charm option instead. The Ceph charms are a classic example:

juju config ceph-mon source=cloud:bionic-train

Note

The ceph-osd and ceph-mon charms are able to maintain service availability during the upgrade.

So to upgrade Cinder across all units (currently running Bionic) from Stein to Train:

juju config cinder openstack-origin=cloud:bionic-train

Single-unit

The "single-unit" method builds upon the "all-in-one" method by allowing for the upgrade of individual units in a controlled manner. It requires the enablement of charm option action-managed-upgrade and the charm action openstack-upgrade.

Attention

The "single-unit" method should only be used when the charm does not support the pause and resume actions.

As a general rule, whenever there is the possibility of upgrading units individually, always upgrade the application leader first. The leader is the unit with a ***** next to it in the juju status output. It can also be discovered via the CLI:

juju run --application <application-name> is-leader

For example, to upgrade a three-unit glance application from Stein to Train where glance/1 is the leader:

juju config glance action-managed-upgrade=True
juju config glance openstack-origin=cloud:bionic-train

juju run-action --wait glance/1 openstack-upgrade
juju run-action --wait glance/0 openstack-upgrade
juju run-action --wait glance/2 openstack-upgrade

Note

The openstack-upgrade action is only available for charms whose services are part of the OpenStack project. For instance, you will need to use the "all-in-one" method for the Ceph charms.

Paused-single-unit

The "paused-single-unit" method extends the "single-unit" method by allowing for the upgrade of individual units while paused. Additional charm requirements are the pause and resume actions. This method provides more versatility by allowing a unit to be removed from service, upgraded, and returned to service. Each of these are distinct events whose timing is chosen by the operator.

Attention

The "paused-single-unit" method is the recommended OpenStack service upgrade method.

For example, to upgrade a three-unit nova-compute application from Stein to Train where nova-compute/0 is the leader:

juju config nova-compute action-managed-upgrade=True
juju config nova-compute openstack-origin=cloud:bionic-train

juju run-action nova-compute/0 --wait pause
juju run-action nova-compute/0 --wait openstack-upgrade
juju run-action nova-compute/0 --wait resume

juju run-action nova-compute/1 --wait pause
juju run-action nova-compute/1 --wait openstack-upgrade
juju run-action nova-compute/1 --wait resume

juju run-action nova-compute/2 --wait pause
juju run-action nova-compute/2 --wait openstack-upgrade
juju run-action nova-compute/2 --wait resume

In addition, this method also permits a possible hacluster subordinate unit, which typically manages a VIP, to be paused so that client traffic will not flow to the associated parent unit while its upgrade is underway.

Attention

When there is an hacluster subordinate unit then it is recommended to always take advantage of the "pause-single-unit" method's ability to pause it before upgrading the parent unit.

For example, to upgrade a three-unit keystone application from Stein to Train where keystone/2 is the leader:

juju config keystone action-managed-upgrade=True
juju config keystone openstack-origin=cloud:bionic-train

juju run-action keystone-hacluster/1 --wait pause
juju run-action keystone/2 --wait pause
juju run-action keystone/2 --wait openstack-upgrade
juju run-action keystone/2 --wait resume
juju run-action keystone-hacluster/1 --wait resume

juju run-action keystone-hacluster/2 --wait pause
juju run-action keystone/1 --wait pause
juju run-action keystone/1 --wait openstack-upgrade
juju run-action keystone/1 --wait resume
juju run-action keystone-hacluster/2 --wait resume

juju run-action keystone-hacluster/0 --wait pause
juju run-action keystone/0 --wait pause
juju run-action keystone/0 --wait openstack-upgrade
juju run-action keystone/0 --wait resume
juju run-action keystone-hacluster/0 --wait resume

Warning

The hacluster subordinate unit number may not necessarily match its parent unit number. As in the above example, only for keystone/0 do the unit numbers correspond (i.e. keystone-hacluster/0 is the subordinate unit).

Verify the new deployment

Check for errors in juju status output and any monitoring service.